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In view of the flat hysteresis characteristics of open circuit voltage(OCV) and state of charge(SOC) of LiFePO4 batteries, the OCV estimated by using the traditional equivalent circuit model has the problem of low accuracy under the charge-discharge switching conditions, so the hysteresis modeling of battery is proposed. To highlight the necessity of considering the hysteretic characteristics of LiFePO4 batteries, three battery models are compared to comprehensively evaluate their complexity, accuracy and applicability. Results show that the first-order RC model is only suitable for pure charge or pure discharge conditions without considering the influence of hysteresis. The first-order RC hysteresis model adds a hysteresis on the basis of the first-order RC model. Although the influence of hysteresis characteristics is considered, the hysteresis is greatly affected by parameter identification and the OCV estimation fluctuates. The Preisach model has a good accuracy under the charge-discharge switching conditions, but the corresponding training data and time cost are high. Under the new European driving cycle(NEDC) charging and discharging conditions, SOC estimation is carried out for different models combined with algorithms, and the estimation errors are all within 5%, among which the Preisach error is within 3%.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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