The power supply system in a data center is its critical infrastructure, which provides stable and reliable power support for all the power-driven equipment therein to ensure itsnormal operation. With the rapid development of technologies such as big data, cloud computing and 5G, the number and scale of data centers in China are increasing rapidly, requiring higher reliability of power supply and increasing the overall power consumption. In addition, the problem of high carbon emissions is even more obvious because the data centers at present mainly use electricity from the traditional energy sources. Therefore, how to achieve a green, energy-saving and low-carbon power supply and distribution mode is the focus of the development of data center power supply systems. The functions and characteristics of typical power supply architectures of data center power supply system are analyzed, and the development and evolution of power supply architectures of data center are introduced. On this basis, “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” is taken as the background, and a prospect for the power supply architectures of data center in the future is given combined with the problems encountered in the development of power supply system of data center, providing reference for its in-depth research and subsequent development.