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Sequential Impedance Modeling and Verification for Droop-controlled Inverters
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Baojin LIU  Senior Member, CPSS1, 2, Chunchen LI1, Jiapeng LIN1, Hui XU1, Rui YU1, Jinjun LIU  Fellow, CPSS3
Journal of Power Supply | 2025, 23(4) : 151 - 162
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Journal of Power Supply | 2025, 23(4): 151-162
• Renewable Energy System •
Sequential Impedance Modeling and Verification for Droop-controlled Inverters
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Baojin LIU  Senior Member, CPSS1, 2, Chunchen LI1, Jiapeng LIN1, Hui XU1, Rui YU1, Jinjun LIU  Fellow, CPSS3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • 2.Kehua Data Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361006, China
  • 3.School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: 2025-07-30 doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.4.151
Outline
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With the large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power, inverters based on droop control are widely used in distributed generation systems and microgrids. Sequential impedance modeling is one of the important methods to assess the stability of a multi-inverter parallel system and optimize the control parameters. However, there is currently limited research on the sequential impedance modeling of droop-controlled inverters. Therefore, a detailed investigation was carried out. First, the steady-state operating point of a droop-controlled inverter was determined, and the inverter response was analyzed by introducing positive- and negative-sequence small signal disturbances. Second, the sequential impedance model was derived from the inverter response to characterize the inverter’s impedance properties. Subsequently, the accuracy of the sequential impedance model was verified through PSCAD simulations. Finally, the effects of key parameters such as droop coefficients and the cutoff frequency of a low-pass filter in the power calculation link on the inverter output impedance were analyzed and verified through experiments. Results demonstrate that the proposed sequential impedance model has a good performance in analyzing the droop control strategies, providing valuable insights for further optimization and practical implementation of the strategies.

Distributed generation system  /  droop-controlled inverter  /  sequential impedance model  /  harmonic linearization
刘宝谨中国电源学会高级会员, 李春晨, 林佳鹏, 许晖, 于瑞, 刘进军中国电源学会会士. 下垂控制逆变器的序阻抗建模分析及验证. 电源学报, 2025 , 23 (4) : 151 -162 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.4.151
Baojin LIU, Chunchen LI, Jiapeng LIN, Hui XU, Rui YU, Jinjun LIU. Sequential Impedance Modeling and Verification for Droop-controlled Inverters[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2025 , 23 (4) : 151 -162 . DOI: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.4.151
Funding
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  • Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J05026)
  • Fujian Provincial Department of Education Young Teachers’ Education Research Project(JAT210002)
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 23 Issue 4
77
19
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Article Info
doi: 10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.4.151
  • Receive Date：2024-06-02
  • Online Date：2026-10-26
  • Published：2025-07-30
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2024-06-02
  • Revised：2024-09-01
  • Accepted：2024-09-16
Funding
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J05026)
Fujian Provincial Department of Education Young Teachers’ Education Research Project(JAT210002)
Affiliations
    1.School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
    2.Kehua Data Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361006, China
    3.School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dyxb/EN/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.4.151
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