Full
Outline
Aimed at the issue of self-healing and coregulation of distributed energy storage in multi-energy distribution networks under fault, three key aspects are studied, i.e., improving the state estimation accuracy of energy storage batteries, fully utilizing the potential of demand-side load response, and reducing the lifetime losses of energy storage and the system’s operation costs. On this basis, an optimal configuration method for energy storage taking into account lifetime losses and demand response is proposed, which can reduce the lifetime losses of energy storage and the system’s operation costs while realizing the adaptive regulation of states of the energy storage system. First, a recalibration step is added to improve the extended Kalman filter algorithm, and the estimator is allowed to bypass ineffective updates in the meantime, so as to ensure a precise state estimation of energy storage batteries. Second, a demand response model based on price elasticity and behavioral correlation is constructed to optimize the load curves through a dual-effect of price signals and incentive fees. Finally, a mixed-integer linear programming model for energy storage configuration is developed to incorporate the costs of battery lifetime losses, and a demand response model is used to adjust load while integrating the incentive fees into the daily operation cost. Based on the real-time, dynamic and high-precision estimation results, the approach adaptively refines parameters such as the battery lifetime losses and the depth of discharge, as well as the lower and upper bounds of state-of-charge constraints. The analysis results of a case study demonstrate that compared with other models, the proposed model can significantly reduce the lifetime losses of energy storage and the system’s daily operation costs.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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