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Outline
To address the challenges of predicting the interaction effects of ground displacement and mitigating surface subsidence risks in double-line parallel shield tunneling, this study proposes a three-dimensional analytical method for displacement in unsaturated soil. Based on the initial solution for unsaturated soil under buried-depth loading, a three-dimensional analytical solution for ground displacement induced by double-line parallel shield tunneling is derived using the superposition principle, while comprehensively accounting for multiple influencing factors such as construction loads and soil loss. The validity and reliability of the proposed solution are verified through comparisons with real-world engineering cases. The results indicate that the longitudinal distance between tunnels and the transverse spacing of their axes significantly influence soil displacement: reducing the longitudinal spacing from 120 m to 0 m increases the peak total surface subsidence from 6.08 mm to 9.10 mm (a 50.0% increase); decreasing the transverse axis spacing from 1D to 9D reduces horizontal ground displacement by 49.2%; and lowering the depth-to-diameter ratio Z/D from 3 to 1 causes the peak subsidence to surge from 15.9 mm to 49.4 mm (a 210.7% increase), resulting in a deeper and narrower settlement trough. The study highlights that rational control of the longitudinal spacing of excavation faces, transverse axis spacing, and depth-to-diameter ratio is key to reducing surface subsidence risks during double-line parallel shield tunneling. The proposed analytical method offers a theoretical basis for optimizing construction parameters and mitigating subsidence risks.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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