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This study evaluates the coordination efficiency of urban public transportation systems by analyzing bus-subway transfer behavior characteristics, developing a bidirectional “subway-bus” transfer analysis framework based on Beijing's smart card data, which systematically defines subway-to-bus (STB) and bus-to-subway (BTS) transfer modes. An evaluation system encompassing 10 indicators—including transfer bus service area, competition intensity, and spatiotemporal distribution patterns—was constructed, with K-means clustering applied to classify subway stations. Key findings revealed that BTS transfers predominantly occurred during morning peaks while STB transfers concentrated in evening peaks, with both modes exhibiting a consistent 1:2 ratio in travel time and distance between bus and subway segments, alongside an average 6-minute bus waiting time for STB; spatially, high-demand bus transfers clustered around railway stations and sub-centers, with intense competition observed along the Tongzhou-Chaoyang corridor of Subway Line 1; clustering analysis categorized stations into five distinct types for each transfer mode, demonstrating tidal passenger flow-driven differentiation. The research provides theoretical and practical insights for optimizing transfer services and enhancing network coupling efficiency in megacities.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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