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Outline
Under high-density operating conditions, single-point failures in metro vehicle braking systems may escalate from equipment-level faults to operation-level risks. Taking an imported braking system applied in the Beijing Metro as a case study, this paper proposes a system analysis and optimization method for engineering implementation. Driven by a typical operational delay event and based on system decomposition, function-structure mapping, and on-vehicle fault simulation, the propagation paths and amplification mechanisms of key risks, such as exhaust solenoid valve sticking in the brake control valve, strong coupling between the main air line and the parking brake, and braking system-TCMS signal interface mismatches, are systematically identified. A combined Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) approach is then adopted to quantitatively evaluate these risks, with the results serving as direct constraints for system reconfiguration. Coordinated optimization measures are proposed at the software, pneumatic, and human-machine interaction levels, including an HMI-triggered braking system self-test and self-reset mechanism, feedforward diagnosis of low brake cylinder pressure, reconstruction of the parking brake air supply path using check valves, and an operation-disposal-oriented TCMS fault classification and early warning strategy. Multi-line on-vehicle validation demonstrates that, compared with the pre-optimization scheme, the proposed method increases the identification accuracy of three typical single-point faults by an average of 34.3 percentage points and reduces emergency handling time by an average of 3.1 min, significantly mitigating operational impacts such as passenger evacuation, speed-restricted operation, and delays. The established "fault simulation-risk quantification-system reconfiguration" framework provides an engineering reference for resilience-oriented design and proactive risk management of metro braking systems and other critical systems.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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