Full
Outline
To explore in depth the technological evolution logic and independent innovation path of metro in China from combat readiness assistance to modern urban engine transformation. Focusing on five key components: rail and continuously welded rail, fasteners, turnouts, monolithic track bed, and vibration-damping track structures, the technological progress in each area is elaborated: in addition to the adoption of high-speed rail technologies based on project requirements, the characteristics of metro systems—such as numerous small-radius curves and frequent overloading—have also driven the application of wear-resistant rails in locations like sharp curves and turnout sections; fasteners have diversified into a standardized system represented by series such as DT、ZX、WJ, with continuous improvements in design and manufacturing; turnouts have evolved from national railway standards to urban rail series such as Cheng Gui suited to metro engineering needs; the monolithic track bed has established a standard system centered on concrete long-sleeper embedded types, alongside new structural forms such as prefabricated and assembled technologies; and vibration-damping track structures have formed a diversified technical system covering fasteners, sleepers, and track-bed solutions. Looking ahead, track structure technology will continue to advance in design, construction, maintenance, and upgrading of in-service lines, while China's metro technical standards are progressively moving toward internationalization.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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