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With reference to internationally recognized statistical standards, this study classifies urban rail transit into three major modes—metro, light rail, and tram. In addition, commuter rail is incorporated to enable a broader-scale assessment of the global operational landscape of rail-based urban passenger transport and to inform China's rail transit development. By the end of 2025, 562 cities across 79 countries and regions worldwide had urban rail transit in operation, with a total operating length of 46,528.95 km. Metros, light rail, and trams accounted for 22,789.91 km (48.98%), 6,469.95 km (13.91%), and 17,269.09 km (37.11%), respectively. Over the same period, 65 cities in China (including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) operated urban rail systems totaling 13,796.06 km, of which the Chinese mainland accounted for 13,071.58 km and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan for 724.48 km. For metro ridership, data from 190 cities in 61 countries indicate that metro systems carried 76.051 billion passenger trips in 2024, with an average load intensity of 0.99×104 passenger trips per (day·km). In China (including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan), metro ridership reached 33.541 billion passenger trips in 2024, representing 44.10% of the global total. Overall, China's urban rail transit has continued to expand steadily and ranks first worldwide in both network length and passenger volume. With respect to commuter rail, 241 cities in 54 countries and regions had commuter rail services in operation by the end of 2025, with a total operating length of 70,001.16 km. China (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) had commuter rail services in 31 cities, totaling 4,345.73 km and accounting for 6.21% of the global total. These figures suggest that, as China enters the 15th Five-Year Plan period, there remains considerable room for enhancement in both the overall scale and network structure of commuter rail development.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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