Given that passenger flow distribution in urban rail transit station facilities is limited by the capacity and topology of these facilities, making quantification difficult, this study addresses this issue by analyzing the current state of research on passenger flow in station facilities. First, an analysis of the passenger flow state and its transformation within station facilities is conducted. Based on the capacity and transit capacity of the facilities, a passenger flow state transition model is constructed using queuing theory to describe the probability of congestion and dissipation at facility junctions. Taking an urban rail transit interchange station as an example, an analysis of the passenger flow distribution characteristics on the walking facility topology network is performed. The results show that when passenger flow density exceeds the density of free flow, congestion inevitably occurs in facilities with smaller capacities due to the actual passenger flow surpassing a certain threshold. The actual passenger flow distribution characteristics are influenced not only by the capacity of individual walking facilities but also by bottlenecks within the facility network. The research results provide data and technical support for station managers in developing and implementing flow restriction schemes.

urban rail transit  /  passenger gathering-distributing model  /  transition probability model  /  station facilities  /  steady probability