To review the research progress of Virtual Coupling (VC) technology in rail transit transportation organization and identify its applications in train operation plan optimization and rescheduling, this paper presents a comprehensive literature review of recent studies in the field. From an operational and service-oriented perspective, 42 representative publications published between 2022 and 2025 were collected from major academic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and CNKI. Research on train operation plan design, timetable optimization, integrated timetable and rolling stock circulation planning, as well as train delay rescheduling, disruption management during disruption and recovery phases, was reviewed and compared. The results indicate that VC technology can significantly enhance line capacity and operational flexibility through reduced train headways and dynamic coupling and decoupling operations. In terms of operation planning, existing studies have evolved from isolated timetable optimization to integrated optimization of timetables, stopping patterns, train routing, and rolling stock circulation. In terms of operation rescheduling, VC has demonstrated considerable potential in improving transportation organization resilience and passenger evacuation efficiency under disruption scenarios. However, current research still faces several limitations, including insufficient integration among planning elements, limited consideration of complex rail networks, inadequate investigation of multi-strategy collaborative rescheduling, and a lack of unified frameworks covering the entire disruption process. Future research should focus on integrated optimization of timetables, stopping patterns, train routing, and rolling stock circulation; integrated modeling of train operation organization, dispatching, and control; multi-strategy collaborative rescheduling; full-process disruption rescheduling; and the application of intelligent optimization approaches such as deep reinforcement learning in VC-enabled rail transit systems.