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Outline
To address the lack of a well-established design framework for reducing groundwater level rise caused by metro station construction through diversion measures, this study combines theoretical analysis and physical model tests to investigate groundwater flow rate calculation in karst areas, determination of diversion design parameters, and the relationships of groundwater rise with hydraulic gradient and with diversion area ratio. A site case study is incorporated, and numerical simulation was used to verify the effectiveness of the diversion design scheme. Results show that: after metro station construction, the groundwater flow path lengthens due to station obstruction, causing a rise in groundwater; after implementing diversion measures, the flow path shortens and the rise dissipates; the groundwater rise exhibits a linear correlation with hydraulic gradient, increasing correspondingly with higher hydraulic gradients; under constant permeability coefficient and hydraulic gradient conditions, groundwater rise decreases exponentially with the proportion of diversion channel area, with a critical threshold occurring at approximately 20% proportion, leading to the recommendation that the optimization coefficient for diversion design parameters should be no less than 0.2; both gravel replacement diversion schemes and culvert diversion schemes can essentially restore the elevated hydraulic head to its original state. Numerical simulation results verify the correctness of diversion design parameter values, confirming that the parameter determination method is feasible and meets the requirements for reducing groundwater level rise.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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