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Sign-aware Recommendation Based on Virtual Semantic Knowledge Graph
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Shenggen Ju1, Yuxin Zhang1, Tianyu Cai1, Rongmei Zhao1, Jieping Sun1
Data Science and Engineering | 2026, 11(1) : 100 - 115
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Data Science and Engineering | 2026, 11(1): 100-115
RESEARCH PAPERS
Sign-aware Recommendation Based on Virtual Semantic Knowledge Graph
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Shenggen Ju1, Yuxin Zhang1, Tianyu Cai1, Rongmei Zhao1, Jieping Sun1
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Published: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.1007/s41019-025-00319-5
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Knowledge graph-based recommendation systems have strong capabilities in deep association mining and structured reasoning, which effectively alleviate data sparsity and cold-start problems in recommendation. However, traditional knowledge graph-based recommendation considers each graph relation in isolation, failing to capture the potential semantic correlations between different relation types, which leads to incomplete semantic representations. In addition, existing methods generally ignore negative feedback signals in users' historical interactions, resulting in biased preference modeling. To overcome the above challenges, we introduce Sign-aware Recommendation based on Virtual Semantic Knowledge Graph(SRVSKG), which enhances recommendation performance by combining virtual semantic collaborative representations with sign-aware learning techniques. Firstly, we propose a virtual semantic subgraph collaborative representation module to learn user and item embeddings. In this module, we build virtual semantic subgraphs through relation clustering based on latent semantic similarity measurement. Then a hierarchical feature extraction mechanism based on graph attention network is applied to virtual semantic subgraphs, which captures semantic associations across relations and enriches item embedding. At the same time, we emphasize user preference for attributes to enrich user embedding. Secondly, we design a sign-aware learning module, which constructs a user-item signed graph, applies Laplacian matrix factorization to simultaneously model the topological features of positive and negative feedback, and introduces the transformer architecture to dynamically fuse signed information, effectively utilizing negative feedback information to eliminate bias in user preference modeling. Finally, we establish a multi-feature fusion mechanism that deeply combines features from the virtual semantic subgraph collaborative representation module and the sign-aware learning module to enable recommendation. Experiment results on three public datasets demonstrate that SRVSKG outperforms state-of-the-art recommendation baselines.

Recommendation system  /  Knowledge graph  /  Sign-aware recommendation  /  Graph neural network ·Transformer
Shenggen Ju, Yuxin Zhang, Tianyu Cai, Rongmei Zhao, Jieping Sun. Sign-aware Recommendation Based on Virtual Semantic Knowledge Graph[J]. Data Science and Engineering, 2026 , 11 (1) : 100 -115 . DOI: 10.1007/s41019-025-00319-5
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China major projects(62137001)
  • National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0608200)
Year 2026 volume 11 Issue 1
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Article Info
doi: 10.1007/s41019-025-00319-5
  • Receive Date:2025-04-17
  • Online Date:2026-08-06
  • Published:2026-03-01
Article Data
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History
  • Received:2025-04-17
  • Revised:2025-07-30
  • Accepted:2025-09-09
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China major projects(62137001)
National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0608200)
Affiliations
    1School of Computer Science, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Corresponding:

Tianyu Cai 
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