In response to the poor disturbance rejection performance and issues of parameter perturbation and control precision in traditional control strategies for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors （IPMSM），a fuzzy sliding mode control strategy based on the super-twisting disturbance observer was proposed. This strategy enables wide-speed-range operation of IPMSM，and further improves rotational speed tracking precision and the system's disturbance rejection capabilities. Firstly，the speed control range was broadened by combining maximum torque per ampere ratio with the gradient descent method for weak magnetic control. Secondly，the super-twisting algorithm（STA）was utilized to design a disturbance observer，thus enhancing the system's ability to resist disturbances. In addition，to address the derivative explosion problem in Backstepping control，a second-order sliding mode differentiator was used to approximate the virtual control rate. The fuzzy logic system was adopted to approximate the nonlinear part in the model of IPMSM，reducing the impact of motor parameter perturbation on control performance. Finally，the stability of the proposed control strategy was confirmed by applying Lyapunov theory. Through simulation on the Matlab/Simulink platform，it was verified that under the control strategy proposed，IPMSM demonstrate superior wide-speed-range dynamic performance and robustness.