In non-destructive testing (NDT), there is a growing demand for simulation tools that can predict magnetic characteristics, enhance understanding, and avoid harsh and uncertain experimental expectations. Due to the high sensitivity and non-destructive nature, the measurement and simulation of magnetic barkhausen noise (MBN) have become important in NDT.

This paper measured the MBN signals of soft magnetic materials under different stress conditions at a magnetic frequency of 10 Hz. The experimental results revealed the significant impact of tensile and compressive stresses on the MBN signals. Specifically, as tensile stress increases, the spacing between magnetic domain walls decreases, reducing energy loss in the movement of domain walls. The migration rate of the domain walls is accordingly increased, which in turn causes the MBN signals to rise. At the same time, due to the presence of additional domains in oriented silicon steel, the MBN signals exhibit a double-peak structure. As tensile stress increases, these additional domains are suppressed. Hence, peak-to-peak values one and two increase, and the increase in peak value two is significant. When a magnetic field and compressive stress are applied along the rolling direction, the compressive stress increases the energy of the magnetic domain walls, reducing their migration rate and weakening the MBN signals. Ithelpsto better understand the changes in the magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials under different stress conditions.

Existing MBN models can not accurately simulate the MBN signals of different soft magnetic materials under stress. This paper proposes a mathematical model based on the improved S-J-A hysteresis model. This model simulates MBN signals by considering the irreversible motion of magnetic domain walls in soft magnetic materials, thereby increasing the accuracy of the simulation. Specifically, the improved S-J-A hysteresis modelsimulates the irreversible hysteresis loops of soft magnetic materials, considering the relationship between magnetic anisotropy, model parameters, and stress. Then, these irreversible hysteresis loops are linked with the MBN envelope line to establish a mathematical model for the MBN envelope curve. Next, the MBN signals are simulated by modulating white noise in the 1~50 kHz range with this envelope curve. Finally, three different soft magnetic materials are selected: oriented electrical steel sheet (30QG120), non-oriented silicon steel (35WW230), and amorphous alloy (1K101). The proposed MBN model simulates MBN signals under different mechanical stress conditions.

The proposed MBN model accurately simulates the MBN signals of the oriented electrical steel sheet (30QG120), non-oriented silicon steel (35WW230), and amorphous alloy (1K101) under stress. A comparison of MBN signals between oriented silicon steel, non-oriented silicon steel, and amorphous alloy is conducted, revealing that the double-peak structure exhibited by oriented silicon steel under tensile stress is related to its anisotropy. Microscopic analysis gains a deep understanding of the stress effects on the magnetism of soft magnetic materials and the generation mechanism of MBN. The proposed MBN model provides a reliable tool in material characterization and non-destructive testing (NDT) applications, laying the foundation for further engineering applications.