The demagnetization fault of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) reduces output performance and load capacity, seriously affecting the motor’s service life. Establishing an accurate fault motor analytical model, conducting rapid electromagnetic performance analysis, and obtaining operational data such as current and torque under fault conditions are beneficial for early prediction and diagnosis of demagnetization faults.

A parameter D is introduced for the partial demagnetization fault of the surface-mounted PMSM prototype, representing the spatial angle of the demagnetized region, defined as the ratio of the spatial angle occupied by the demagnetized region to that of one pole arc. The radial and tangential component equations of the residual magnetization Fourier coefficients as a function of parameter D are derived, which reflect the influence of the spatial angle of the demagnetized region on the magnitude and the waveform of the residual magnetization. An analytical model of PMSM under partial demagnetization is established.

In addition, regarding the control system’s circuit interface in practical applications, an analytical model of demagnetization faults in a PMSM driven by a voltage source inverter with magnetic flux linkage as the intermediate variable is established. This model is applied to the vector control circuit. Thus, a co-simulation model combining the analytical model and the control circuit is created.

The load performance of the prototype is calculated under normal conditions and partial demagnetization using the co-simulation model. Compared with the simulation results from the Ansys/Simplorer time-stepping finite element method and the measured results from the prototype on the experimental platform, the conclusions are as follows. (1) The proposed partial demagnetization analytical model reflects the influence of the demagnetized region on the magnitude and the waveform of the residual magnetization. This model is more consistent with actual conditions than the method of equating partial demagnetization to an overall reduction in magnetic flux linkage. (2) The calculation results of the co-simulation model are in good agreement with the time-stepping finite element simulation results, with the relative errors for the stator flux linkage, stator current, and electromagnetic torque less than 1.5% under normal and partial demagnetization conditions. Furthermore, the computation time of the co-simulation model is only 1/20 that of the finite element model, which greatly improves the operation efficiency. (3) The current waveforms of the prototype under the same control strategy are measured on the experimental platform and subjected to spectral analysis. The results are consistent with the co-simulation results, which validate the accuracy of the co-simulation model, combining the analytical model and the control circuit.