In response to the pressing demand for the large-scale and high-frequency development of space transportation, horizontal takeoff and horizontal landing-reusable launch vehicle (HTHL RLV) which does not rely on fixed launch sites and can operate as conveniently as aircraft, represents a crucial development direction for establishing a future scheduled space transportation system. The technical characteristics and developmental path of HTHL RLV are systematically elucidated, providing a comparative analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, and applicability of different technical approaches. On this basis, it focuses on key technical challenges and potential breakthroughs in the field, including multidisciplinary-coupled overall system design, wide-speed-range aerodynamic configuration, high-performance combined-cycle propulsion, lightweight structures, adaptive guidance and control, reusability, and intelligent operation and maintenance. Furthermore, prospective pathways for future technology development are also outlined.

space transportation  /  horizontal takeoff and horizontal landing  /  reusable launch vehicle