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Outline
To address the limited positioning accuracy of global geomagnetic field models in localized regions, this paper proposes a geomagnetic positioning method based on a genetic algorithm-optimized extreme learning machine (GGA-ELM). By introducing an elite backpropagation strategy, the initial weights and thresholds of the ELM network are optimized, thereby improving training efficiency and reducing the risk of getting stuck in local optima. Based on actual aeromagnetic data from the Yuyao and Weishui regions in China, and in combination with the EMM2017, WMM2020, and IGRF13 geomagnetic field models, this study analyzes the differences in positioning accuracy between model data and observed data. Experiments demonstrate that the EMM2017 model achieves the best overall positioning accuracy at both sites (Yuyao: 6.29 m in longitude and 5.92 m in latitude; Weishui: 6.81 m in longitude and 5.89 m in latitude), significantly outperforming the WMM2020 and IGRF13 models. In the measured aeromagnetic data, the error in the latitudinal direction was slightly greater than that in the longitudinal direction (with a difference in root mean square error of approximately 0.5 m), whereas the geomagnetic field model data exhibited a characteristic where the longitudinal error was greater than the latitudinal error. The GGA-ELM method performed consistently at both locations, with positioning accuracy differences of less than 5%, verifying the robustness of the GGA-ELM method. This study provides a theoretical basis for model selection and algorithm optimization in geomagnetic navigation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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