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Outline
Based on 228 Sentinel-1 images acquired from January 2018 to August 2022, we use the small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique to derive surface deformation time series in Baotou. Multi-source datasets, including precipitation records, optical imagery, and mineral resource distribution data, were integrated to analyze deformation characteristics and their driving factors in different functional zones. The results indicate that the study area is generally stable, with approximately 98.85% of permanent scatterers (PS) exhibiting annual average deformation rates between -10 and 10 mm/a, while significant local variations are observed. In local built-up areas of the urban plain, evident subsidence occurs due to building loads and ash compaction, with a maximum rate of -73 mm/a. Open-pit mining activities in Donghe district induce pronounced deformation, with a maximum subsidence rate of -77 mm/a, and a stage-wise adjustment of deformation is observed after mining cessation. Time-series analysis results show that deformation in urban built-up areas exhibits weak sensitivity to precipitation, whereas deformation in mining areas presents a lagged response to precipitation at the monthly scale. Comparison with GNSS observations indicate that there is a good consistency between InSAR and the measured deformation trends. The results suggest that mining activities and urban construction are the primary controlling factors of regional surface deformation, while natural conditions play a modulating role in deformation evolution across different functional zones. The study highlights the application potential of SBAS-InSAR for surface deformation monitoring in resource-based cities.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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