Full
BO Wanju, researcher, majors in crustal deformation and earthquake prediction, E-mail: bowanju@163.com
Outline
By collecting achievements in the medium- to long-term prediction of strong earthquakes, an in-depth analysis of the commonalities and differences between vertical deformations observed by the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) and leveling measurements was conducted. The related issues of abnormal uplifts before major earthquakes were explored, including the abnormal fluctuations of leveling and their differences from GNSS observation results. Through the analysis of years of precise leveling data, the abnormal phenomenon of ground uplift before major earthquakes was revealed. Combining this with research findings on gravity anomalies before major earthquakes, a theoretical deduction and analysis of the relationship between the two was conducted. The vertical deformation data obtained from leveling measurements not only includes the effects of point-wise vertical geometric deformation but also contains information about the dynamic bending of the local gravity level surface, with magnitudes reaching 2 mm or more. Based on this, the concepts of physical deformation and geometric deformation were proposed. The research in this paper is of significant theoretical and practical importance for correctly understanding the differences in deformation mechanisms, the medium- to long-term prediction of strong earthquakes, and the formulation of deformation anomaly monitoring plans and decision-making.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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