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This study proposed a novel monitoring scheme that integrates GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) with GNSS positioning for monitoring coastal absolute sea level changes. Using over 10 years of observational data from seven coastal stations in Hong Kong as an example, research on absolute sea level change monitoring in nearshore areas was conducted. The results indicated that after excluding the stations HKSL and KYC1, which had lower data quality, the GNSS-IR-derived relative sea level changes from the remaining stations showed good agreement with tide gauge data in their monthly averages. For most stations, the RMSE was less than 6 cm, the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.86, and the difference in estimated sea level rise trends was less than 1 mm/a compared to tide gauges (with a regional average difference of only 0.036 mm/a). In absolute sea level monitoring, after applying the dynamic atmospheric correction (DAC), the difference in regional average rates between coastal GNSS and satellite altimetry at corresponding points was reduced from -3.40 mm/a to -0.76 mm/a, indicating highly consistent trends. Compared with 50-year long-term absolute sea level data from Hong Kong tide gauges, the deviations were mostly less than 1 mm/a, and all stations fell within reasonable error margins for regional absolute sea level monitoring. The research demonstrates that the fusion of GNSS-IR and GNSS positioning can effectively address traditional monitoring gaps, providing a scalable new technical approach for monitoring coastal sea level changes and conducting risk assessments.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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