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Outline
Based on PWV data from 240 GNSS stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China from 2017 to 2019, combined with PWV data retrieved from two AI-based meteorological models, Fengwu and Pangu (hereafter referred to as FW PWV and PG PWV), this study investigates bias correction methods for AI-derived PWV. First, using GNSS PWV as a reference, the accuracy of FW PWV and PG PWV were validated. Subsequently, to improve the accuracy of the two AI-based models, a bias correction method was constructed using a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The input features included longitude, latitude, elevation, day of year, and AI-derived PWV from 2017 to 2018 at GNSS stations, while the output feature was the difference between FW PWV or PG PWV and GNSS PWV. The method was then applied to correct the AI-derived PWV for 2019. The results show that the mean bias and RMSE of FW PWV and PG PWV are -0.01 mm, 2.88 mm and 0.28 mm, 3.04 mm, respectively. After correction, the RMSE of FW PWVL and PG PWVL decreased to 2.29 mm and 2.38 mm, with improvement rates of 20.48% and 21.71%, respectively. The reliability of the corrected results was further validated using radiosonde PWV data from 2019. The bias correction method effectively reduced RMSE across all months, with monthly RMSE values of FW PWVL and PG PWVL concentrated between 1.4 mm and 3.4 mm, and an average RMSE improvement rate of 22.30% in summer. For PG PWVL, the absolute bias in the elevation range of 0 to 1.5 km decreased by 0.45 mm, 0.46 mm, and 0.32 mm, respectively, while the RMSE improvement rate reached 23.55% in the 1.5 to 2.0 km range. FW PWVL performed best in regions above 2 km elevation, with an absolute bias reduction of 0.23 mm and an RMSE improvement rate of 29.50%.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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