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Outline
To assess the performance of BDS-3 and promote its application optimization, this study processed long-term observation data from 56 global IGS stations and 50 reference stations in mainland China from DOY 001, 2023 to DOY 067, 2025 using the GAMIT/GLOBK 10.71 software. The long-term positioning accuracy of BDS-3 and GPS was compared and analyzed at both global and regional scales across four dimensions: ambiguity fixed rate, satellite orbit accuracy, coordinate time series, and velocity field. The results indicate that the average narrow-lane ambiguity fixed rate of BDS-3 in the global network (72.7%) is lower than that of GPS (88.1%), but it performs better in the regional network (BDS-3: 80.1%, GPS: 76.2%). In terms of satellite orbit accuracy, the orbit integration residuals of BDS-3 are on average 1.5—2.8 mm higher than those of GPS. Analysis of coordinate time series shows that the average WRMS values for BDS-3 in the N, E, and U directions (2.44 mm, 2.8 mm, 7.0 mm) are higher than those of GPS (1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 5.7 mm), with greater dispersion in the vertical direction. However, comparison of the velocity fields reveals a high consistency between the two systems (90% of stations exhibit rate differences within 1 mm/a). The study demonstrates that the positioning performance of BDS-3 at the regional scale is close to that of GPS, but its global accuracy and stability still require improvement. Future efforts should focus on enhancing models, optimizing algorithms, and advancing research on multi-system integration.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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