Full
Outline
Given the issue that multi-system satellite clock bias estimation is susceptible to interference from various noise types, an estimation model that fully considers the characteristics of satellite clock noise components is proposed. This model employs two strategies, namely sliding window and overall modeling, and utilizes the Hadamard variance to solve for noise parameters. Based on this, clock bias estimation and accuracy assessment are conducted. In the experimental section, multiple representative satellites from the four major satellite navigation systems—GPS, BDS-3, Galileo, and GLONASS are selected as research subjects. A systematic comparative analysis is performed on the performance differences of the two modeling strategies across different systems and satellites. The experimental results reveal that the BDS-3 exhibits significant inter-satellite variability. Specifically, most satellites in MEO demonstrate more pronounced time-varying noise characteristics, making them more suitable for the sliding modeling strategy. Conversely, for some satellites equipped with MEO rubidium clocks and stable IGSO satellites, the overall modeling strategy offers greater advantages. In the case of the Galileo, the global modeling strategy performs better. For the GPS and GLONASS, after adopting the sliding window strategy, the positioning accuracy in E, N, U directions improves by 10.34%, 17.07%, and 4.30%, respectively, and by 6.27%, 10.34%, and 3.76%, respectively, compared to the overall modeling strategy.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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