Full
Outline
The BDS-3 and Galileo both provide five-frequency signal services. To fully utilize the multi-frequency signal data, a BDS-3/Galileo multi-frequency single point positioning (SPP) model based on the ionosphere-free combination is established, and the multi-frequency ionosphere-free combination coefficients are determined. Data from 48 multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) stations are selected to systematically evaluate the performance of multi-frequency pseudorange SPP based on the ionosphere-free combination. The experimental results show that multi-frequency combined observations help to improve the SPP positioning accuracy of the BDS-3, Galileo, and BDS-3/Galileo systems. Compared with three-frequency SPP positioning, the positioning accuracy of four-frequency and five-frequency SPP has been improved to varying degrees. The improvement is most significant for the BDS-3 system. For the BDS-3 three-frequency SPP positioning, the RMS mean values in the E, N, U directions are 0.56 m, 0.59 m, 1.46 m, respectively, while the RMS mean values for four-frequency and five-frequency positioning are similar, at 0.53 m, 0.55 m, 1.40 m and 0.52 m, 0.55 m, 1.38 m, respectively. Compared with the single BDS-3 and Galileo systems, the five-frequency SPP positioning accuracy of the BDS-3/Galileo combined system has increased by 30.8%, 29.1%, 25.4% and 28.0%, 30.4%, 25.9%, respectively.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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