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Machine Learning Methods for Line-of-Sight/Non-Line-of-Sight Classification of GNSS Signals Received by Smartphones
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Xianglong JIA1, Chenyu WANG2, Pai WANG3, *
Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics | 2025, 45(12) : 1246 - 1252
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Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics | 2025, 45(12): 1246-1252
Machine Learning Methods for Line-of-Sight/Non-Line-of-Sight Classification of GNSS Signals Received by Smartphones
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Xianglong JIA1, Chenyu WANG2, Pai WANG3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute for Sensing and Navigation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2 School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 10 West-Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
  • JIA Xianglong, postgraduate, majors in smartphone GNSS signal classification and environmental perception, E-mail:

About Author:

JIA Xianglong, postgraduate, majors in smartphone GNSS signal classification and environmental perception, E-mail:

Published: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.01.005
Outline
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Existing research on GNSS signal classification primarily targets professional-grade receivers, distinguishing between line-of-sight(LOS) and non-line-of-sight(NLOS) signals through the extraction of signal features to achieve high-accuracy positioning. However, the signal features and classification methods used in these studies may not be applicable to the signal characteristics of low-cost GNSS chips in smartphones. This paper proposes a machine learning-based method for classifying smartphone GNSS reception signals into LOS and NLOS. The method combines five key indicators: carrier-to-noise ratio, elevation angle, pseudorange residuals, normalized pseudorange residuals, and pseudorange residual percentage. It also integrates deep learning-based zenith view semantic segmentation and satellite calibration techniques to construct an accurate training dataset. Evaluations of various machine learning models in typical urban scenarios show that the proposed method achieves an average classification accuracy of 85.8% across different smartphone models.

smartphone  /  GNSS signal classification  /  machine learning  /  line-of-sight  /  non-line-of-sight
贾祥龙, 王辰宇, 王牌. 面向智能手机GNSS接收信号视距/非视距分类的机器学习方法. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (12) : 1246 -1252 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.01.005
Xianglong JIA, Chenyu WANG, Pai WANG. Machine Learning Methods for Line-of-Sight/Non-Line-of-Sight Classification of GNSS Signals Received by Smartphones[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (12) : 1246 -1252 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.01.005
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(62201344)
Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 12
60
29
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Article Info
doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2025.01.005
  • Receive Date:2025-01-12
  • Online Date:2026-10-29
  • Published:2025-12-15
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History
  • Received:2025-01-12
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China(62201344)
Affiliations
    1 Institute for Sensing and Navigation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
    2 School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 10 West-Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan 430065, China
    3 GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
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小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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