Understanding of the transformations and recycling processes of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil rhizosphere is fundamental to solving the problems currently limiting the sustainable utilization of grassland agricultural ecosystems and improving grassland productivity. Rhizosphere processes in grassland can reflect the soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient turnover rates, affect the competition for and capture of nutrients by plants and soil microorganisms, and also determine the nutrient balance of each component in the rhizosphere microenvironment. Compared with crop systems, the coupling between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in grassland is stronger. Therefore, the structure and function of rhizosphere micro-ecosystems play an important role in maintaining nutrient transformation and circulation. Many literature reports indicate that the critical factor that regulates the rhizosphere microenvironment is the key substance of the plant and soil for material exchange and information transmission. The root exudates and rhizosphere exudates are also the key substances that mediate rhizosphere microorganisms and enzyme activities. When the grassland environment changes, the rhizosphere exudates, rhizosphere enzyme activities, and the composition and diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms will also change fundamentally, which will cause a change of supply and availability of soil nutrients, and in turn will affect grassland productivity and utilization efficiency of nutrients. So, further research on the regulation mechanism of nutrient cycling in grassland rhizosphere process is very important for revealing the distribution and utilization of nutrients and nutrient exchanges between grassland plants and microorganisms. This article reviews the mechanisms and interactions involving rhizosphere exudates, rhizosphere enzymes, and rhizosphere microorganisms involved in nutrient cycling, summarizes the mechanisms of grassland rhizosphere processes contributing to nutrient cycling and provides a perspective for consideration when formulating future research on rhizosphere microdomains in grassland ecosystems.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |