This research investigated the effects of fertilizer application and soil-plastic mulching on soil water storage, periodic evapotranspiration (ET), plant development, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of Tartary buckwheat crops grown in a semiarid rain-fed area, in order to identify cultivation techniques that enhance crop drought resistance and efficient resource utilization. A field experiment comprising three treatments was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at Dingxi Experimental Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The three treatments were: traditional planting without fertilization application (TNF), whole field soil-plastic mulching without fertilization application (MNF), and whole field soil-plastic mulching with fertilization application (MF). The soil water content for the 0-300 cm soil depth, crop dry matter, leaf area index and yield of Tartary buckwheat were recorded. The soil water storage, periodic measurements of ET, harvest index, rainwater use efficiency (RUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated, to determine the effects of fertilizer application and soil plastic mulching and bunch seeding on water utilization and yield. It was found that MF increased soil water storage by 18.9-42.4 mm in the 0-140 cm soil layer during the seedling stage, and the ET in the pre-flowering period, as compared with TNF and MNF. Compared to TNF and MNF, respectively, MF increased the dry matter quality at maturity by an average of 96.3% and 3.7%, the leaf area index by 123.7% and 7.6%, the number of ears by 9.3% and 3.9%, the grain weight per plant by 139.2% and 12.1%, the grain plumpness by 14.5% and 4.4%, and reduced the ear height by 34.0% and 26.8%. Compared to TNF, MF significantly promoted the population-level statistics of Tartary buckwheat, with a yield increase of 33.6%-130.4%, a biomass increase of 62.8%-182.5%, an enhancement of WUE of 34.5%-106.4%, and these effects were more pronounced in dry seasons. Therefore, the cultivation practice comprising whole-field soil plastic mulching with fertilizer application improves the yield and WUE of Tartary buckwheat, can be recommended as a suitable planting mode for drought amelioration and yield increase of Tartary buckwheat in the semi-arid area of the northwest Loess Plateau.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |