Full
Outline
Sodium metal is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for sodium metal batteries due to its high specific capacity （1166 mAh·g-1）， low reduction potential （-2.71 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode）， and low cost. However， unstable solid electrolyte interphase （SEI）， inevitable volume expansion， and uncontrollable dendrite growth have hindered the practical application of sodium metal anodes （SMAs）. Currently， strategies such as electrolyte optimization， current collector design， and artificial SEI construction have been developed to achieve stable SMAs. In this review， the latest strategies adopted in the design of electrolytes， current collectors， and artificial SEI have been systematically summarized. Firstly， the optimization strategies of electrolytes are reviewed， including the optimization of solvents and salts， and additives to regulate the solvation structures to achieve high-performance SEI. Then， the modification strategies of current collectors to regulate sodium deposition behavior are discussed， aiming to achieve uniform sodium deposition， alleviate volume changes， and avoid the formation of dendrites. Moreover， the latest progress in improving the performance of SMAs by artificial SEI layers is systematically reviewed. Finally， the future researches and prospects for high-performance sodium metal batteries are also proposed.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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