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Outline
TiAl alloys have become key materials for weight reduction and performance enhancement in aero-engines due to their low density， excellent high-temperature strength， and oxidation resistance. However， their room-temperature brittleness and low damage tolerance have long constrained their engineering applications. This paper systematically reviews the development history of TiAl alloys since the 1970s， covering the evolution of material characteristics， major scientific research programs， and progress in engineering applications. Through successive fundamental research projects， the United States and Europe have systematically addressed critical scientific issues such as casting processes， microstructural control， and property evaluation， laying the foundation for the application of GEnx engine blades. Since the 12th Five-Year Plan period， through systematic development under national science and technology programs such as the National Basic Research Program and the National Key Research and Development Program， China has overcome key technological bottlenecks， including the independent development of high-Nb alloy systems and the near-net shaping of full-scale blades， thereby establishing a complete full-chain technological system. Although TiAl alloy design has now evolved to the third generation， achieving fine-grained microstructures and compatibility with conventional forging， persistent challenges include low room-temperature ductility， high sensitivity of fatigue life to micro-defects and stress concentrations， high fatigue crack growth rate， and high creep elastic elongation. Furthermore， this paper identifies a series of critical challenges facing TiAl alloys from the perspectives of manufacturing processes and engineering service. Addressing these issues will lay the foundation for the reliable application of TiAl alloys in high thrust-to-weight ratio aero-engines.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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