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Outline
With the rapid development of next-generation vehicles such as electric vertical take-off and landing （eVTOL） aircraft and electric vehicles （EVs）， there is an urgent demand for efficient energy storage systems that combine high energy density with lightweight characteristics. Multifunctional structural batteries （MSBs）， as a disruptive technology integrating energy storage and structural support， merge these two functions into a single component， thereby offering a novel approach to system-level weight reduction， space optimization， and functional integration. This review outlines the fundamental concepts of MSBs and surveys the primary technical pathways， focusing on two core integration strategies： embedded （physical integration） and intrinsic （chemical fusion） architectures. It provides an in-depth examination of key enabling technologies， including the optimization and modification of carbon fiber electrodes， the development of structural electrolytes， and interface engineering strategies. Recent advances in enhancing electromechanical performance through surface modification and composite-phase construction are summarized. Furthermore， novel structural designs and manufacturing processes are introduced， along with evaluation frameworks based on electromechanical coupling theory and multifunctional efficiency metrics. The review concludes by discussing the persistent challenges in the field. Although further fundamental researchs and technical breakthroughs are required for practical application， MSBs demonstrate significant potential to revolutionize conventional design paradigms.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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