Full
Outline
Arc heat sources are extensively employed in welding and additive manufacturing， emerging as an indispensable core energy medium for the joining and forming of metal components. Nevertheless， traditional arc heat sources are plagued by inherent flaws， such as the highly-coupled heat and mass transfer behaviors that are difficult to control independently. This results in a profound coupling between the heat input to the workpiece and the wire deposition rate， posing a significant challenge in simultaneously satisfying the dual demands of high-efficiency deposition and high-quality forming. Consequently， it severely restricts the high-performance manufacturing process of large and complex structural components. Therefore， conducting research on the decoupling of heat and mass transfer in arc heat sources is of immense theoretical value and urgent engineering significance for transcending traditional arc manufacturing technology. This paper presents a systematic review of the research progress in the decoupling technology of heat and mass transfer in arc heat sources， with a particular focus on the state-of-the-art cross-arc configuration. From a physical perspective， this technology achieves orthogonal decoupling of heat input and mass transport through the coordinated arrangement of independent heat sources and independent mass sources. The article offers an in-depth examination of key aspects， including the stability control， droplet transfer behavior， and development challenges of cross-arc heat sources. Its objective is to provide a robust theoretical foundation and feasible technical route support for constructing a new generation of intelligent arc manufacturing systems with independent and controllable heat and mass.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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