Full
Outline
Driven by the “dual-carbon” strategy，which accelerates energy structure transformation，the market demand for high-performance electrochemical energy storage systems has surged significantly. Lithium-ion energy storage devices，leveraging the low atomic weight and low electrode potential of lithium，exhibit substantially higher energy density than other systems and have become a core pillar of modern energy infrastructure. However，their energy density and cycle life still struggle to meet the escalating application requirements，with the irreversible loss of active lithium in anode materials constituting the primary constraint. Prelithiation technology addresses this by introducing an additional lithium source to regulate active lithium precisely，significantly enhancing initial coulombic efficiency and overcoming the application bottleneck of high-capacity materials. Furthermore，it compensates for lithium loss during cycling to extend cycle life and effectively modulates the anode potential window，ensuring stable operation of specialized devices while increasing single-cell energy density. This review systematically summarizes the principles and characteristics of three representative anode prelithiation techniques developed in recent years，including contact prelithiation，electrochemical prelithiation，and chemical prelithiation. It comparatively analyzes the improvements these techniques impart on key energy storage device parameters （initial Coulombic efficiency，cycle life，rate capability，and energy density） based on core operational metrics，including methodology，prelithiation speed and precision，residue control，and active lithium utilization. Considering industrial compatibility，implementation complexity，cost-effectiveness，and economic balance，the review critically assesses the industrial potential and existing challenges of each technique，summarizing realized industrial application cases. From an engineering application perspective，it synthesizes the technical advantages and disadvantages，outlines future development trends and research directions to address current limitations，and aims to provide theoretical guidance for commercial technology advancement.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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