Full
Outline
C/C composites， with low density， high specific strength， stable high-temperature mechanical properties and excellent thermal shock resistance， are one of the candidate materials for core components under extreme conditions such as hypersonic vehicle thermal protection systems and solid rocket motor nozzles. However， C/C composites are prone to oxidation above 400 ℃ and suffer from poor ablation resistance over 2000 ℃. Conventional single coating or matrix modification methods have limited protective effects， seriously restricting their long-term service reliability in extreme environments. Based on the “coating-matrix integration” modification idea， ceramic phases can be synergistically distributed inside and on the surface of C/C matrix to form an integrated matrix-surface protection structure， breaking through the performance bottleneck of traditional single modification technologies. This paper systematically reviews current thermal protection technologies for C/C composites， summarizes the preparation process， thermal protection performance and mechanism of coating-matrix integrated modified C/C composites， analyses existing research bottlenecks and future directions， and provides ideas for the design and application of ultra-high temperature and long-life carbon-based composites.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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