As a vital successor to conventional oil and gas resources, shale-gas development inevitably generates drilling-cuttings hazardous waste. Finding ways to exhaust and up-value this waste becomes another pressing problem for the industry. In this study, deoiled residue of drilling cuttings (DRDC) is used as the main feedstock, added with low-grade bauxite as supplementary alumina source and potassium feldspar as fluxing agents. A 50 kg/h pilot-scale line installed at the extraction site is operated continuously for 25 days to systematically evaluate how the deoiled residue content and sintering temperature affect the bulk density, apparent density and breakage ratio of the ceramic proppants. The results show that the roundness and sphericity for all proppant products exceed 0.9. Both bulk and apparent densities of the ceramic proppants decreases progressively with increasing addition of the drilling cutting, whereas the breakage ratio rises. Raising the sintering temperature increases the bulk and apparent densities but reduces the breakage ratio. At the preparation parameters including the content of DRDC of 5%(mass fraction) and sintering temperature of 1300 ℃, ceramic proppants with a breakage ratio of 3.01% measured at 52 MPa closure stress can be obtained. Ceramic proppants meeting the standard of SY/T 5108—2014 are produced under all twenty producing conditions.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |