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Microstructural characteristics and deposition mechanism of cold-sprayed Cr coatings
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Wenpeng WAN1, 2, Chunjie HUANG1, 2, Aijun XU3, Jie LUO4, Luo WANG5, Shuo FU1, 2, Yaxin XU1, 2, Wenya LI1, 2
Journal of Materials Engineering | 2026, 54(3) : 229 - 235
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Journal of Materials Engineering | 2026, 54(3): 229-235
• RESEARCH ARTICLE •
Microstructural characteristics and deposition mechanism of cold-sprayed Cr coatings
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Wenpeng WAN1, 2, Chunjie HUANG1, 2, Aijun XU3, Jie LUO4, Luo WANG5, Shuo FU1, 2, Yaxin XU1, 2, Wenya LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing，School of Materials Science and Engineering，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China
  • 2.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies，School of Materials Science and Engineering，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China
  • 3.Changsha 5712 Aircraft Industry Co. ，Ltd. ，Changsha 410114，China
  • 4.Suzhou Tianhe China Power International Engineering Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Suzhou 215027，Jiangsu，China
  • 5.State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Technology and Equipment，China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. ，Ltd. ，Shenzhen 518172，Guangdong，China
Published: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000132
Outline
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The Cr coatings are fabricated on 304 stainless steel substrates using cold spray and electroplating methods. The particle deposition behavior and coating formation mechanism of Cr are clarified by analyzing the surface morphology， cross-sectional microstructure， and nanomechanical properties of the cold-sprayed Cr coatings. The results show that the electroplated Cr coating contains numerous vertical cracks， while the cold-sprayed Cr coating exhibits an irregular but compact and defect-free interface with the substrate. In addition， the surface of the cold-sprayed coating presents a large number of craters， and the near-surface region consists of fine equiaxed grains. The nanohardness in the region increases by 41.37%-62.17% compared with that of undeformed Cr particles， indicating that subsequent particles produce work hardening due to shot-peening effects upon impacting the pre-deposited coating. The hardening hinders cooperative plastic deformation between incoming particles and the existing coating， thereby reducing the feasibility of further deposition. Based on the surface morphology and the gradient distribution of nanohardness， the deposition mechanism for Cr coatings on 304 stainless steel is proposed， involving the disruption of the substrate’s oxide film， the formation of the initial coating layer， and the surface morphological evolution induced by shot-peening strengthening.

cold spraying  /  Cr coating  /  coating forming mechanism  /  microstructure  /  nanohardness
万文鹏, 黄春杰, 许爱军, 罗杰, 王罗, 傅硕, 徐雅欣, 李文亚. 冷喷涂Cr涂层的组织性能与沉积机制. 材料工程, 2026 , 54 (3) : 229 -235 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000132
Wenpeng WAN, Chunjie HUANG, Aijun XU, Jie LUO, Luo WANG, Shuo FU, Yaxin XU, Wenya LI. Microstructural characteristics and deposition mechanism of cold-sprayed Cr coatings[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2026 , 54 (3) : 229 -235 . DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000132
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 54 Issue 3
49
23
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Article Info
doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2025.000132
  • Receive Date：2025-03-11
  • Online Date：2026-10-27
  • Published：2026-03-20
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-03-11
  • Accepted：2025-05-07
Funding
Affiliations
    1.State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing，School of Materials Science and Engineering，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China
    2.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies，School of Materials Science and Engineering，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China
    3.Changsha 5712 Aircraft Industry Co. ，Ltd. ，Changsha 410114，China
    4.Suzhou Tianhe China Power International Engineering Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Suzhou 215027，Jiangsu，China
    5.State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Technology and Equipment，China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. ，Ltd. ，Shenzhen 518172，Guangdong，China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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