This study investigated the effects of lactic acid bacteria （LAB） and Amomum villosum Lour. stems and leaves （ASL） on the fermentation quality， nutritional composition， and bacterial diversity of King grass（Pennisetum purpureum×P. americanum） silage. Four treatments were established： CK （no additives）， ASL （30% ASL addition）， LAB （compound LAB inoculant at 5×10⁶CFU·g^-1 fresh weight）， and ASL-LAB （30% ASL+LAB）， each with three replicates. Samples were collected and analyzed after 56 days of ensiling. Results showed that， compared to CK， the pH and ammonia nitrogen （NH₃-N） content were significantly decreased （P<0.05） in the ASL， LAB， and ASL-LAB groups， while lactic acid （LA） content significantly increased （P<0.05）. Dry matter （DM） and crude protein （CP） content in the CK group were significantly lower than those in the other treatments （P<0.05）. The relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus increased by 12.17%， 37.58%， and 57.19% in the ASL， LAB， and ASL-LAB groups， respectively. Conversely， the relative abundance of Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae decreased by 3.91%， 28.82%， and 30.27% in these groups. Correlation analysis indicated that Lactiplantibacillus was negatively correlated with Enterobacter， Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae， and NH₃-N（P<0.05）， but positively correlated with LA and CP （P<0.05）. In conclusion， while supplementation with LAB inoculant or ASL alone improved fermentation quality and mitigated nutrient loss in King grass silage， the combined application of ASL and LAB yielded the most pronounced improvements.

Amomum villosum Lour. stems and leaves  /  Lactic acid bacteria  /  King grass  /  Silage  /  Microbial diversity