To screen novel germplasm of Pennisetum purpureum with high-yield potential， 800 F₁ hybrid individuals were generated by crossing ‘Guimu 1’ hybrid P. purpureum （female parent） with F-AI P. purpureum （male parent）. SSR molecular markers were employed to authenticate true hybrids， followed by analyses of diversity， correlation， clustering， and principal components for 10 yield-related traits in the true hybrid population. The results revealed that 300 true hybrids were identified using two primer pairs （SSR24 and WSSR31）. The true hybrid population exhibited abundant phenotypic variation， with coefficients of variation ranging from 13.91% to 45.58% and diversity indices from 1.37 to 2.84. Correlation analysis demonstrated that all traits were highly significantly positively correlated with single-plant yield （P<0.01）， among which plant height showed the strongest correlations with fresh weight and dry weight， with correlation coefficients of 0.55 and 0.66， respectively. Heterosis analysis indicated that most yield-related traits of the F₁ generation displayed positive dominance， and the relative heritability of the female parent was stronger than that of the male parent. Principal component analysis extracted two principal components， accounting for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.819%， with plant height， single-plant dry weight， tiller number， and internode length identified as core influencing factors.

Pennisetum purpureum hybrid F₁ generation  /  SSR markers  /  Phenotypic diversity  /  Cluster analysis  /  Comprehensive evaluation