To analyze the genetic diversity characteristics of the phenotypic traits and identify germplasm with superior traits in oats （Avena sativa L.）， this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of 24 phenotypic traits in 465 oat accessions collected from 26 countries. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for 13 quantitative traits ranged from 13.19% to 46.70%， while the genetic diversity index for 11 qualitative traits varied between 0.12 and 1.00. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations （P<0.01） between plant growth traits （e.g.， plant height， stem diameter） and yield-related or panicle traits， whereas a significant negative correlation （P<0.05） was observed between lodging resistance and thousand-kernel weight. Cluster analysis classified the accessions into six distinct groups： Group I， high-biomass hulled oats suitable for forage breeding； Group II， accessions combining high yield and lodging resistance； Group III， naked oats ideal for grain use； Groups IV-VI， accessions with distinctive characteristics， which can serve as a specialized gene bank. Based on principal component analysis （cumulative contribution rate of 65.05%） and comprehensive evaluation scores （F value）， five elite accessions （174， Y586， Y1062， Y341， 150） with high yield and lodging resistance were identified， demonstrating potential as excellent parental lines or fundamental research materials.

Oat（Avena sativa L.）  /  Phenotypic traits  /  Genetic diversity  /  Principal component analysis  /  Cluster analysis