Latest ArticlesIn polarized cells, the differential distribution of proteins results in the formation of apical and basolateral membranes. The basolateral membrane contacts basal lamina and mediates cell-to-cell communication, which is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and enabling drug absorption. To establish and maintain the basolateral domain, intricate mechanisms are necessary to ensure the proper sorting and transportation of molecules. Sorting signals play a crucial role in regulating the distributions of basolateral proteins, determining their trafficking route and final residence. Newly synthesized proteins can be segregated into different carrier vesicles at either trans-Golgi network (TGN) or endosomes. Additionally, understanding basolateral transport in polarized epithelial cells is important for predicting diseases and delivering drugs. This review provides a summary of recent advancements in the mechanisms and applications of basolateral sorting and trafficking.
Fenton-like process based on metal oxide presents one of the most hoping strategies to generate reactive oxygen species to treat refractory pollutants. The introduction of oxygen vacancies (OVs) can enhance the catalytic performance of metal oxides in Fenton-like reaction. In this paper, a one-step all solid-state synthesis strategy is proposed to induce oxygen defects in V2O5, which uses graphene to engineer the crystallization process of V-based crystals. Such approach employs graphene as a solid-catalyst to promote growth of V-based crystals owing to the ions-π interactions between graphene and VCl3. The electron-donor OVs in V2O5@graphene can not only active H2O2 for the •OH generation, but also accelerate the reduction of V5+ and V4+, thereby ensuring defective V2O5@graphene/H2O2 system is 14.3, 28.2, and 17.3 times higher than that of graphene/H2O2, pure V2O5/H2O2 and graphene+V2O5/H2O2 (mechanical mixed system), respectively. Our study provides a novel synthetic strategy to design and prepare OVs-riched transition metal catalysts for developing advanced oxidation technologies toward higher sustainability and practicality.
The highly desired goal is to employ visible light for the photocatalytic reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to environmentally friendly Cr(III). Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered one of the most promising materials for the photoreduction of Cr(VI). Nevertheless, developing MOFs with high stability and activity is still challenging. Herein, we report a stable Zn-based MOF (named DZU-64) with an anthracene functionalized ligand, and its reduction of Cr(VI) under sunlight irradiation was investigated. DZU-64 exhibits excellent chemical stability in pH range of 2−14 aqueous solution, and remarkable thermal stability to 570 ℃. For the photoreduction of Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation, DZU-64 gives a record rate constant of 0.467 min−1 and a high Cr(VI) reduction rate of 6.68 mg Cr(VI) gcata−1 min−1 at pH 2. Moreover, under real solar light, DZU-64 can also efficiently reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) while retaining its catalytic activity throughout 5 cycles without any notable decline, further demonstrating its great application prospect. By combining the photovoltaic performance tests and electron spin resonance test, the possible photoreduction of Cr(VI) mechanism in DZU-64 was analyzed.
The catalytic asymmetric dipolar cycloaddition reaction is efficient for the construction of various chiral valuable carbo- and heterocycles. Thus, the design and exploration of new dipoles and the subsequent control of their reactivity for various stereoselective cycloadditions are significant aspects of modern organic synthesis. Herein, we have developed a series of vinyl cyclic carbamates containing an oxazolidine-2,4–dione fragment and used them as reactive precursors for in situ generation of amide-based aza-π-allylpalladium 1,3-dipoles, which could be applied to asymmetric decarboxylative 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with different types of dipolarophiles containing C=C, C=N, and C=O double bonds. This strategy provides an opportunity for the synthesis of previously unusual structures, such as highly functionalized optically pure pyrrolidin-2-ones, imidazolidin-4-ones, and oxazolidin-4-ones. This protocol also has significant features including wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, simple operation, and good to excellent results (70 examples, up to 99% yield, >20:1 dr and 99% ee). This unique method significantly expands the reaction range of the amide-based aza-π-allylpalladium 1,3-dipoles compared to the precedents.
BA2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 series low-dimensional (2D) perovskites have been widely investigated for their remarkable environmental stability, but still suffer the poor light absorption and disordered phase distribution, hindering their practical applications. In this work, we combine the introduction of FA and the addition of PbCl2 to optimize the film quality, strengthen the light absorption, regulate internal phase distribution, and promote carrier transport inside 2D perovskite films. The incorporation of FA promotes sufficient light absorption and improve the film crystallinity. Furthermore, the addition of PbCl2 eliminates the low n phase (n = 1) and suppresses the forming of the low n phase of n = 2, enhancing the film conductivity and diminishing carrier recombination. The synergistic of A-site cation engineering and phase manipulation achieves a high efficiency of 16.48%. Importantly, the synergistic prepared perovskite film does not show any changes after 60 days in the air with an average humidity of 57% ± 3%, and the corresponding solar cell maintains 85% of the original efficiency after more than 800 h, demonstrating remarkable environmental stability. The results indicate that the synergistic of A-site cation engineering and phase manipulation is promising for producing superior efficiency, along with satisfying humidity stability.
Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3−) at low concentrations to ammonia (NH4+) still faces challenges of low NO3− conversion and NH4+ selectivity due to the sluggish mass transfer and insufficient atomic hydrogen (H*) supply. Herein, we propose CuO/NiO heterojunction with the assistance of a built-in electric field to enhance mass transfer and H* provision. The built-in electric field in CuO/NiO is successfully formed as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The results reveal that CuO/NiO achieves high NO3− reduction activity (100%) and NH4+ selectivity (100%) under low NO3− concentration conditions (100 mg/L NO3−, ca. 22.6 mg/L NO3−-N), which is superior to that of many recently reported electrocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations further clarify that the built-in electric field triggers the enhanced adsorption of reactants on CuO/NiO heterojunction interface and strong d-p orbital hybridization between reactants and CuO/NiO. Besides, the free energy diagram of hydrogen evolution reaction of CuO/NiO confirms the realization of enhanced H* provision. Moreover, coupling experiments and consecutive cycle tests demonstrate the potential of CuO/NiO in practical applications. This work may open up a new path and guide the development of efficient electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of NO3− at low concentrations to NH4+.
The sequestration of 99Tc represents one of the most challenging tasks in nuclear waste decontamination. In the event of a radioactive waste leak, 99TcO4– (a main form of 99Tc) would spread into the groundwater, a scenario difficult to address with conventional anion exchange materials like resin and inorganic cationic sorbents. Herein, we present a nickel(Ⅱ) metal-organic framework (MOF), TNU-143, featuring 3D four-fold interpenetrated networks. TNU-143 exhibits efficient ReO4– (a nonradioactive analogue of 99TcO4–) removal with fast anion exchange kinetics (< 1 min), high sorption capacity (844 mg/g for ReO4–), and outstanding selectivity over common anions. More importantly, TNU-143 shows superior stability in alkaline solution and can remove 91.6% ReO4– from simulated alkaline high-level waste (HLW) streams with solid-liquid ratio of 40 g/L. The uptake mechanism is elucidated by the single-crystal structure of TNU-143(Re), showing that ReO4– anions are firmly coordinated to nickel cation to result in a 2D layered structures. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the transformation from TNU-143 to TNU-143(Re) is a thermodynamically favorable process. This work presents a new approach to the removal of ReO4–/99TcO4– from alkaline nulcear fuel using MOF sorbents.
To address the pressing global need for carbon-neutral fuels, optimizing the conversion of biomass to bio-oil (bio-chemicals) is crucial. Here, we introduce MXene (Ti3C2Tx) as an innovative catalyst in biomass pyrolysis, exhibiting significant prowess in boosting levoglucosan yields. Py-GC/MS analysis indicated a remarkable 438% enhancement in levoglucosan yield when a 5 wt% catalyst-to-biomass ratio was employed. Laboratory-scale studies achieved an impressive 13.95 wt% levoglucosan in ex-situ fixed-bed catalytic pyrolysis, a yield that is 19.6 times higher than that from pure biomass at 40 wt% catalyst loading. Recycling evaluations affirm the robust stability of the MXene catalyst, validating its potential for multiple use cycles in eco-friendly industrial levoglucosan production.
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