Latest ArticlesOrganic pollutants are harmful and toxic chemical substances that adversely threaten human health and the living environment all over the world. More and more studies have been investigating the relationship between low level of human exposure of organic compounds and various internal diseases. For the sake of assessing disease risk due to organic compounds contact in a particular location, it is imperative for relevant government departments to make a human health risk assessment in view of the organic pollutants’ bioavailability and their dosage-response correlations. It is inevitable to make use of an efficient method to detect organic pollutants, which is significant for public health and safety. Fluorescent assays based on carbon dots thus would provide a very plausible candidate method. After consulting a large number of literatures, we offer a comprehensive review of the sensing applications of carbon dots for organic pollutants.
Quantitative determination of tetracycline (TC) in environment and foods is of great importance, as excessive residues might have negative effects on human health and environmental risks. Herein, a self-powered molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on the ZnO/C photoanode and the Fe-doped CuBi2O4 (CBFO) photocathode is developed for the sensitive detection of TC. The photocathodic current can be amplified by the efficient electron transfer caused by the Fermi energy level gap between the photoanode and photocathode. Furthermore, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) at photocathode can selectivity identify the TC templates and thus improve the specificity. Under the optimal conditions, the sensor has a linear range of 10‒2–1.0 × 105 nmol/L, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.007 nmol/L (S/N = 3). More crucially, the milk sample detection is carried out using the as-prepared sensor, and the outcome is satisfactory. The research gives us a novel sensing platform for quick and accurate antibiotic (like TC) in environment and food monitoring.
This review covers the structures of diterpenoids, including chain (72), monocyclic (9), labdane-type (67), clerodane-type (127) abietane-type (716), ent-kaurane-type (89), grayanane-type (331), ingenane-type (55), tigliane-type (154), daphnane-type (237), and aconitine-type diterpene alkaloids (265) with rich biological activities reported in 2013–2023. And the drugs in clinical use or under clinical investigation of diterpenoids and leading compounds were summarized.
Chloroform is a common and excellent solvent for preparing high-efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), however, it is toxic and poisonable chemical. In comparisons, deuterated chloroform (DC) is less toxic and costly, and particularly, it is non-poisonable chemical. In this paper, we use DC to replace ultra-dry chloroform (UC) as the processing solvent for preparation of active layers of organic solar cells. First, we selected PM6:BTP-eC9 as the basic binary and counted 100 solar cells' data, from which comparable device performance were obtained with use of DC and UC. Interestingly, DC showed better reproducibility, superior storage under a nitrogen atmosphere and a little better performance than UC. Both DC and UC gave rise of comparable hole and electron mobilities and similar charge recombination losses. Second, we based PM6:Y6 and D18-Cl: Y6 as the binaries and similar effects were obtained from both UC and DC when counting 30 devices for each binary. Third, the universality of the use of DC for preparing high-efficient OSCs were again checked with several binary and ternary systems. In all, this study demonstrate that DC can replace UC for use in the field of OSCs.
Early diagnosis and accurate boundary delineation are the key steps of tumor precision medicine. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection of liquid biopsy can provide abundant information for early diagnosis of cancer. High detection specificity and good enrichment features are two key factors for CTCs accurate identification in peripheral blood sample. For this purpose, iron oxide (IO)-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) bioprobes with good biocompatibility, high detection sensitivity, remarkable detection specificity, and good enrichment efficiency, were developed for detecting different types of CTCs. Magnetic SERS bioprobes combined with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody are regarded as an effective way to boost the targeting ability and detection specificity, benefiting for accurately capturing and identifying rare CTCs. Four types of CTCs with different PD-L1 expression were accurately distinguished among white blood cells via high-resolution SERS mapping images and stable Raman signals. Subsequently, CTCs blood samples obtained from the triple negative breast cancer patients were also successfully recognized compared to that of health people, indicating IO@AR@PDA-aPD-L1 SERS bioprobe possessed great potential for CTCs detection in liquid biopsy. Additionally, IO-based bioprobe exhibited excellent dual-modal imaging abilities of high-resolution SERS imaging mode and microimaging magnetic resonance imaging mode. These two highly complementary imaging modes endowed IO-based bioprobes unrivalled capacity in tumor boundary differentiation, supporting tumor accurate resection and precise surgery. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that biocompatible IO-based SERS bioprobes without noble metal element were reported not only for CTCs accurate detection, but also for precise tumor boundary delineation, showing great advantages in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Herein, vacancy engineering is utilized reasonably to explore molybdenum tungsten oxide nanowires (W4MoO3 NWs) rich in O-vacancies as an advanced electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) electrocatalyst, realizing further enhancement of NRR performance. In 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4, W4MoO3 NWs rich in O vacancies (CTAB-D-W4MoO3) achieve a large NH3 yield of 60.77 µg h-1 mg-1cat. at -0.70 V vs. RHE and a high faradaic efficiency of 56.42% at -0.60 V, much superior to the W4MoO3 NWs deficient in oxygen vacancies (20.26 µg h-1 mg-1cat. and 17.1% at -0.70 V vs. RHE). Meanwhile, W4MoO3 NWs rich in O-vacancies also show high electrochemical stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations present that O vacancies in CTAB-D-W4MoO3 reduce the energy barrier formed by the intermediate of *N-NH, facilitate the activation and further hydrogenation of *N-N, promote the NRR process, and improve NRR activity.
Catalytic oxidation of soot is of great importance for emission control on diesel vehicles. In this work, a highly active Cs/Co/Ce-Sn catalyst was investigated for soot oxidation, and it was unexpectedly found that high-temperature calcination greatly improved the activity of the catalyst. When the calcination temperature was increased from 500 ℃ to 750 ℃, T50 decreased from 456.9 ℃ to 389.8 ℃ in a NO/O2/H2O/N2 atmosphere. Characterization results revealed that high-temperature calcination can promote the ability to transfer negative charge density from Cs to other metal cations in Cs/Co/Ce-Sn, which will facilitate the production of more oxygen defects and the generation of more surface-active oxygen species. Surface-active oxygen species are beneficial to the oxidation of NO to NO2, leading to the high yield of NO2 exploitation. Therefore, the Cs/Co/Ce-Sn catalyst calcined at 750 ℃ demonstrated higher activity than that calcined at 500 ℃. This work provides a pathway to prepare high efficiency catalysts for the removal of soot and significant insight into the effects of calcination on soot oxidation catalysts.
Inactivation of carbon-based transition metal catalysts, which was caused by electron loss, limited their application in advanced oxidation processes. Therefore, Co and TiO2 double-loaded carbon nanofiber material (Co@CNFs-TiO2) was synthesized in this study. Photocatalytic and chemical catalytic systems were synergized efficiently. Tetracycline was eliminated within 15 min. The degradation rate remained above 90% after five cycles, and the 50% promotion proved the high stability of Co@CNFs-TiO2. The main reactive oxygen species in this system were sulfate radicals, whereas Co and TiO2 represented the active sites of the catalytic reaction. Electrons generated from TiO2 during the photocatalytic process were transferred to Co, which promoted the Co(Ⅲ)/Co(Ⅱ) cycle and maintained Co in a low-valence state, thereby stimulating the generation of sulfate radicals. In this study, the effective regulation of reactive oxygen species in the reaction system was realized. The results provided a guidance for in situ electron replenishment and regeneration of carbon-based transition metal catalysts, which will expand the practical application of advanced oxidation processes.
In our work, polymorphism strategy has been successfully applied to tune up chromism and luminescence properties of viologen-based materials. Two polymorphs of viologen-based complexes of α-CdBr2(PHSQ)2(H2O)2 (1) and β-CdBr2(PHSQ)2(H2O)2 (2) (PHSQ = N-(4-sulfophenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium) were synthesized by changing the solvent. They can both respond to UV light and electricity in the manner of chromism visible to the naked eye and the coloration states have good reversibility, through which an inkless erasable printing model has been established. But the coloration contrast of 1 is higher compared to 2. Meanwhile, they both exhibit photoluminescence properties and the intensity of 1 is twice that of 2, which is accompanied by photoquenching upon continuous UV light irradiation. The only divergence of disordered/ordered O atoms in the two crystalline compounds leads to significantly different chromic and luminescent properties. Further explorations simultaneously demonstrate that the different chromic performance between 1 and 2 should attribute to the alteration of stimulus-induced (light/ electricity) electron transfer channels caused by the ordered/disordered O atoms in the complexes, which is achieved through CH···O and OH···O interactions to change crystal arrangement and structural rigidity, thus affect luminescent properties.
Deep learning neural network incorporating surface enhancement Raman scattering technique (SERS) is becoming as a powerful tool for the precise classifications and diagnosis of bacterial infections. However, the large amount of sample requirement and time-consuming sample collection severely hinder its applications. We herein propose a spectral concatenation strategy for residual neural network using non-specific and specific SERS spectra for the training data augmentation, which is accessible to acquiring larger training dataset with same number of SERS spectra or same size of training dataset with fewer SERS spectra, compared with pure non-specific SERS spectra. With this strategy, the training loss exhibit rapid convergence, and an average accuracy up to 100% in bacteria classifications was achieved with 50 SERS spectra for each kind of bacterium; even reduced to 20 SERS spectra per kind of bacterium, classification accuracy is still > 95%, demonstrating marked advantage over the results without spectra concatenation. This method can markedly improve the classification accuracy under fewer samples and reduce the data collection workload, and can evidently enhance the performance when used in different machine learning models with high generalization ability. Therefore, this strategy is beneficial for rapid and accurate bacteria classifications with residual neural network.
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