Latest ArticlesCore-shell structured materials exhibit superior stability and catalytic performance in catalytic applications. The unique microenvironment of the core-shell catalyst facilitates efficient enrichment and adsorption of low-concentration, high-mobility atmospheric pollutants. Furthermore, these catalysts have found widespread application in the control of atmospheric contaminants attributed to the synergistic interplay between core-shell components and the protective barrier function of the shell architecture. This paper comprehensively reviews the preparation method of core-shell catalysts and their application in the control of air pollutants. This paper focuses on the advantages of core-shell catalysts and the main types of core-shell catalysts employed in deNOx processes. Recognition of the relationship between the structural composition of core-shell catalysts and their catalytic performance, as well as exploring the synergistic effects, heat and mass transfer, and underlying catalytic mechanism. This review offers critical guidance for the design and development of application-oriented core-shell catalysts to abate atmospheric pollutants.
The correlation between the distinct doping modalities of heteroatoms in metal oxides and the activation pathways of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) remains underappreciated. To address the issue, herein, we synthesized Te-doped Co3O4-α via a simple hydrothermal method and employed it as a heterogeneous catalyst for PMS activation to degrade levofloxacin (LEV). The incorporation of Te via both interstitial and substitutional doping synergistically enhanced the activity of Co3O4 toward PMS activation, resulting in a 66-fold increase in the LEV degradation kinetics. Various characterizations and trial results revealed that the coexistence of these doping configurations unlocked multiple pathways for reactive species generation. Interstitial Te dominates the formation of radicals and singlet oxygen (1O2), and synergistically cooperates with the generated oxygen vacancies to promote the cyclic regeneration of low-valent Co sites. On the other hand, substitutional Te primarily tailors the electron density of Co atoms through Co-O-Te sites, driving the formation of high-valent Co(Ⅳ)=O species. The factors affecting the LEV degradation were investigated, and the potential applications of the Te-Co3O4-α/PMS system were explored. Also, LEV degradation pathways were discussed. This work elucidates the correlation between doping modalities and PMS activation pathways, rendering a novel strategy to develop high performance catalysts for PMS activation.
Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are miniature devices capable of autonomous movement and execution of specific tasks at the micro/nano scale. Compared with traditional drugs, nanomedicines can achieve precise drug delivery through targeting, thereby reducing toxic and side effects on normal tissues. MNMs can utilize inherent fuels in biological systems or absorb external energy and convert it into kinetic energy, which enables them to address the issue that nanomedicines fail to act on the core of lesions due to insufficient tissue penetration. Therefore, they are regarded as excellent candidates for constructing efficient targeted delivery and diagnosis-treatment systems. This review introduces the design and driving strategies of different types of MNMs. Through functionalization of materials and optimization of driving modes, the dual designed objectives of reducing toxic side effects and improving therapeutic efficiency are achieved. In terms of applications, this review mainly introduces the research progress of MNMs in the biomedical field (such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, wound healing, antibacterial and disease diagnosis-treatment). Finally, the challenges and limitations faced by the practical application of MNMs are discussed, and the future development directions of MNMs are prospected.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with structural designability and functional predictability display great potential as emerging metal-free semiconductor catalysts in the field of photocatalytic degradation for antibiotics. However, the disadvantages of COFs, such as weak interfacial contact with antibiotics, light response limitation, charge-carrier recombination, and low oxygen activation efficiency, limit their practical application in the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. On this basis, PyTTA-COF-OH via good crystallinity and hydrophilicity was constructed through the synergistic strategy combining hydroxylation modulation of the surface microenvironment and expansion of the π-conjugated structure. Simultaneously, Surface hydroxyl functionalization of PyTTA-COF-OH not only reduced the band gap width but also enhanced the light absorption in the visible band. Significantly, theoretical calculations indicated that the introduction of hydroxyl groups widened the electrostatic potential difference within the molecular structure, further promoting exciton dissociation and charge separation. PyTTA-COF-OH removed sulfadiazine (SDZ) up to 99% in 10 mg/L SDZ solution. Besides, the results of the interference experiments and the cycling experiments proved that PyTTA-COF-OH had better anti-interference and stability. Based on the mechanistic analysis, the surface hydroxyl–functionalized PyTTA-COF-OH effectively promoted the adsorption of oxygen and the transfer of electrons to the adsorbed oxygen, thus increasing the efficiency of the O2•- generation, aiming at the efficient degradation of antibiotics under the visible light conditions.
Colorectal related diseases are generally benign and malignant diseases that occur within the colon, causing psychological disorders, nutrient absorption disorders, anemia, and life threatening conditions. The current treatment strategies for colorectal related diseases have been seriously hampered by unpredictable behaviors, safety risks and limited efficacy. Recent advances in the fields of synthetic biology and materials fabrication have enabled the development of engineered organisms with great controllability, targeted delivery capabilities, and high safety and efficacy for their therapy. In this review, we first analyze the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of colorectal related disease. Subsequently, we delved into the latest developments in the application of engineered organisms in the treatment of colorectal diseases, covering the potential regulatory mechanisms, and the exploration of clinical feasibility. Finally, we discuss the key challenges and future perspectives of this biotherapeutic approach, with a focus on achieving precise targeted therapy through the engineering design of organisms. This review aims to provide the valuable insights into the development of precision therapies for colorectal related diseases, and lay the foundation for their clinical management.
9,9′-Spirobifluorene (SBF) derivatives, as a unique class of conjugated frameworks, have been extensively investigated in the field of organic electronics. The introduction of diverse substituents to various positions on SBF can modulate the photoelectric properties of SBF derivatives. Multisite substitution endows SBF derivatives with structural diversity, thus providing more opportunities for adjusting the photoelectric properties of materials. However, the synthesis of multi-substituted SBFs is more difficult, and their structure-activity relationships are also more unpredictable. This review focuses on multi-substituted SBFs, detailing their synthesis methods, photoelectric properties, thermal stabilities, and applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Multi-substituted SBFs are typically synthesized using multi-halogenated or multi-boronate ester-substituted SBF precursors. In addition, transition metal-catalyzed C–H arylation reactions represent an exceptionally efficient approach for preparing multi-substituted SBFs. The effects of the type, number, and position of substituents on the thermal stability, photophysical and electrochemical properties, and carrier mobility of these SBF derivatives are systematically reviewed. Their roles as emitters, hosts, electron-transport materials, and hole-transport materials in OLED devices are summarized and discussed.
This study reports the discovery of three shortened streptovaricin analogues, prestreptovaricins A–C (2–4), from Streptomyces spectabilis NA07477. Through comprehensive NMR and HRMS analysis, we elucidated their structures as a linear C13-polyketide (2), a 15-membered (3), and a 17-membered macrolactam (4), representing the first divergence from the character-istic C23 ansa chain in this antibiotic family. Gene inactivation experiments demonstrated that these truncated metabolites result from premature chain release at modules 5–7 of the polyketide synthase, rather than module skipping. Notably, the cyclized products 3 and 4 persisted upon knockout of the dedicated amide synthase stvF, implying catalysis by promiscuous cyclases. Our findings uncover premature termination as a previously unrecognized pathway for structural diversification in ansamycin biosynthesis.
Low-valence-selenium-substituted glucose, a novel organoselenium compound, has emerged as a promising candidate with significant biological application potential. This review highlights its role as an efficient and low-toxicity selenium source in agriculture, livestock farming, and medicine. In agriculture, it enhances selenium uptake in crops, improves plant stress resistance, and reduces heavy metal toxicity. In animal feed, it boosts selenium levels and antioxidant capacity in livestock, thereby improving their health and productivity. Additionally, its medical applications include the development of selenium catalysts for pharmaceutical synthesis and selenium-enriched materials with antibacterial and anticancer properties. This article provides a comprehensive review of its synthesis, biological efficacy, and future prospects.
In recent years, heterogeneous manganese catalysis has emerged as a significant area of research in catalytic chemistry, leveraging manganese-based materials to facilitate a wide range of chemical transformations. This review explores the fundamental principles, recent advances, applications, and prospects of heterogeneous manganese catalysis in organic synthesis. These catalysts are widely employed in C–C bond formation, C–N bond formation, C–O bond formation, oxidation. Despite this, manganese catalysts have not received as much attention as other metals, such as iron and cobalt, often resulting in their excellent catalytic activity being overlooked. This review focuses on the mechanisms and capabilities of heterogeneous manganese catalysts in various aspects of organic synthesis, highlighting the latest research advancements.
Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments poses a serious threat to ecological safety and public health. However, traditional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) face critical bottlenecks due to unclear microscopic reaction mechanisms, including ambiguous reactive species generation pathways and a lack of theoretical guidance for catalyst design. This review systematically elucidates the pivotal role of density functional theory (DFT) in antibiotic degradation via AOPs: (1) By accurately simulating catalyst electronic structures, adsorption energies, and reaction energy barriers, DFT reveals the evolution rules of active sites (e.g., multi-element doping reduces the O–O bond cleavage energy barrier by 36%), thereby optimizing reaction pathways across photocatalysis, electrochemical oxidation, and persulfate activation systems; (2) Combined with Fukui index and molecular orbital analyses, DFT enables precise identification of vulnerable sites in antibiotic molecules (e.g., C8/C13 of ofloxacin and O23/N15 of ciprofloxacin), and predicts the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactive species (e.g., 1O2, SO4•‒) formation; (3) Under a closed-loop "computational guidance — experimental validation" framework, DFT drives catalyst structure optimization and reaction pathway regulation, significantly enhancing AOP mineralization efficiency (e.g., 2.5-fold increase in tetracycline removal rate). Future directions should focus on integrating non-adiabatic molecular dynamics, machine learning-assisted screening, and toxicity prediction of degradation products to promote the intelligent design and green engineering of AOPs, thereby building an efficient and precise antibiotic pollution control system.
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