Latest ArticlesTwo series of sulfur-containing diarylbenzopyrimidines are designed by the fragment combination of a thioacetamide with our previous disclosed DABP 3 and further oxidation. The best compound 6e with a sulfonyl scaffold displayed EC50 values of 0.0356 μmol/L against WT and 0.0228 μmol/L against HIV K103N mutant strain. More pronounced, it had a lower cytotoxicity (CC50=99.6 μmol/L), higher selectivity index (SIWT=2799, SIK103N=4375) and better calculated logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient (cLogP) than the lead compound 3. Molecular docking and dynamics provided the binding modes of these compounds with reverse transcriptase, explaining their activity. Collectively, the new compounds could be candidates for anti-HIV drug discovery.
In this review, development of supported catalysts for the dehydrogenative synthesis of benzimidazoles from primary alcohols and 1, 2-phenylenediamine derivatives is briefly summarized. Among them, titania-supported iridium catalysts showed excellent activities under mild reaction conditions. Remarkably, the low-temperature activity of iridium catalyst was significantly affected by titania supports, and the reaction of 1, 2-phenylenediamine and benzyl alcohol in the presence of rutilesupported catalysts proceeded smoothly at 100 ℃ to give 2-phenylbenzimidazole in high yields of up to 88%. On the other hand, catalysts supported on anatase generally showed poor activity at 100 ℃. A significant relationship between CO uptake and the activity of titania-supported catalysts has been reported, indicating that well-reduced iridium species on rutile would be responsible for the predominant catalytic activity. The present results suggest the importance of the selection of suitable titania supports for the iridium catalysts.
Developing large scale deposition techniques to fabricate thin porous films with suitable opto-electronic properties for water catalysis is a necessity to mitigate climate change and have a sustainable environment. In this review, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) technique, a rapid and scalable methodology to synthesize nanostructured transitional metal oxide films with designed functionalities, is firstly introduced. Furthermore, applications in electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for the production of hydrogen fuel is also presented. The high combustion temperature and the aggregation of flame aerosol ensure that the FSP-made films possess high crystallinity, tunable porosity and high surface areas, making this method suitable either as catalysts for EC water splitting or as efficient semiconductor materials for PEC water splitting. Finally, a perspective on the next generation FSP engineered films with potential applications in energy storage and conversion is described.
A novel near-infrared light photothemal-activated H2S-donating nanocomposite hydrogel was developed, through combination of a thermo-labile H2S donor and photothermal nanoparticles in agarose hydrogel. The polyethylenimine dithiocarbamate polymer, a thermo-labile compound, was synthesized as a novel H2S donor. The combination of a thermo-labile hydrogen sulfide donor and photothermal nanoparticles enabled the generation of H2S in agarose hydrogel upon irradiation with near-infrared light. The ability to modulate the photoirradiation for controlled generation and spatiotemporally release of H2S are its specific advantages. This photothermal spatiotemporally controlled H2S-releasing strategy was successfully applied to anti-inflammation treatment in a rat model, demonstrating its utility as a novel H2S-based therapeutic approach.
The temperature-dependent structural changes in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoride ([Bmim]FeCl4) magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) were investigated by using in-situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) combined with Raman spectroscopy and DFTcalculations. XAFS results revealed that the coordination number and bond length of Fe-Cl in the anion of[Bmim]FeCl4 MIL decreased with increments in temperature. These results directly reflected the dissociation of tetrahedral structure[FeCl4]-, and the formation of bridge-chain[Fe2Cl5]+, and[FeCl2]+ species in the anion of[Bmim]FeCl4 MIL. These behaviors indicated that[FeCl4]- dissociation was endothermic, and was promoted by increased temperature. The results obtained through XAFS were in agreement with those obtained through Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
Here we described the design and synthesis of a discrete 3D amphiphilic metallacage 4, in which the tetragonal prismatic frameworks act as the hydrophobic cores and the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains as the hydrophilic tails. The structure of 4 was characterized by 1H NMR, 31P NMR and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). Notably, 4 with its long PEG tails was subsequently ordered into micelles at a low concentration (1.20 ×10-6 mol/L) in water. As the concentration and cultivation time increased, the micelles can further self-assembly into nanofibers and nanoribbons. Considering the dynamic property of the coordination bond, these structures show reversible transformation under external stimuli.
Carbon dots have unique advantages in biological applications owing to their excellent optical properties. However, the biosafety evaluation of carbon dots has limitations owing to cytotoxicity in vitro, and there is little pre-safety evaluation before in vivo and clinical applications. Whether the carbon dots are or not suitable for applications in vivo, evaluation analysis can be made based on hemolysis and changes in erythrocyte morphology. In this work, a green fluorescent N, S-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) were obtained by hydrothermal method, tobias acid, and m-phenylenediamine as precursors. N, S-CDs not only possessed excellent dispersibility, uniform particle size, high quantum yield (37.2%) and stable photoluminescence property but also retain their photostability and strong fluorescence intensity in the acid/alkaline solutions, different ionic strengths (NaCl) and under 365 nm UV illumination. Moreover, the N, S-CDs displayed low cytotoxicity and high cellular uptake efficiency in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and excellent blood compatibility to the erythrocyte. It is foreseeable that N, S-CDs could be further studied as a promising biological imaging agent in vivo.
Indoor photovoltaics have attracted increasing attentions owing to their great potential in supplying energy for low power devices under indoor light in our daily life. The third generation thin-film solar cells, including dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells, have made rapid progress from the aspect of materials design to photovoltaic performance. This review provides an overview on the recent advances in the development of indoor photovoltaic technologies based on the third generation solar cells. The design principles of advanced thin-film indoor photovoltaics were also summarized according to the characteristics of indoor light and the advantages of the third generation solar cells. Finally, after summarizing the current research progress, the perspective on this topic is provided.
A facile and efficient strategy has been developed to fabricate a multifunctional, theranostic anticancer drug delivery platform featuring active targeting, controlled drug release and fluorescence imaging for real-time control of delivery. To this end, thermosensitive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanospheres are decorated with peptide-Au cluster conjugates as a smart nanomedicine platform. A sophisticated trifunctional peptide is designed to release the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), target cells and reduce Au3+ ions to form luminescent Au clusters. Importantly, the peptide-Au cluster moieties are attached to the PNIPAM nanospheres via amide bonds rather than noncovalent interactions, significantly improving their stability in biological medium and drug release efficiency. The in vitro experiments showed that DOX was released in an efficient and controlled manner under physiological conditions.
Developing enzyme-free sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity for H2O2 and glucose is highly desirable for biological science. Especially, it is attractive to exploit noble-metal-free nanomaterials with large surface area and good conductivity as highly active and selective catalysts for molecular detection in enzyme-free sensors. Herein, we successfully fabricate hollow frameworks of Co3O4/N-doped carbon nanotubes (Co3O4/NCNTs) hybrids by the pyrolysis of metal-organic frameworks followed by calcination in the air. The as-prepared novel hollow Co3O4/NCNTs hybrids exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for H2O2 reduction in neutral solutions and glucose oxidation in alkaline solutions. As sensor electrode, the Co3O4/NCNTs show excellent non-enzymatic sensing ability towards H2O2 response with a sensitivity of 87.40 μA (mmol/L)-1 cm-2, a linear range of 5.00 μmol/L-11.00 mmol/L, and a detection limitation of 1 μmol/L in H2O2 detection, and a good glucose detection performance with 5 μmol/L. These excellent electrochemical performances endow the hollow Co3O4/NCNTs as promising alternative to enzymes in the biological applications.
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