Latest ArticlesGeneration of multi-substituted pyrroles is accomplished through an unexpected iron(Ⅱ)-promoted reaction of N-arylprop-2-yn-1-imines with water. This transformation proceeds smoothly with excellent chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. A stoichiometric amount of Fe(OTf)2 is necessary for the successful conversion. A Lewis acid-promoted tandem reaction pathway is proposed.
A hierarchically structured MnOx-NiCo2O4 monolithic catalyst with rich phase interfaces was designed by a simple, eco-friendly and time-saving in-situ electro-deposition method. The abundance of active oxygen species due to this rich phase interfaces contributed to the excellent benzene combustion performance of MnOx-NiCo2O4-2:2 sample, oxidizing about 90% of benzene (T90) at 198 ℃ under 12000 h-1 gaseous hourly space velocity. This work shed new light on the design of excellent monolithic catalysts, which might pave the way for the industrialization of benzene combustion.
Colorimetric sensing strategies as a powerful point-of-care testing (POCT) tool have attracted significant interest in various chem/biosensing applications. Taking the excellent bare-eye-detectable signaling feature, nanozymes-based colorimetric sensors enable more potential applications and have been a new forefront in the colorimetric POCT analysis toward different target analytes. However, the low catalytic activity of nanozymes in most cases limits their practical application. Recent efforts demonstrate that the aggregation-induced nanozymes provide a general means to modulate nanozymes activity and enhance colorimetric sensing performances of some nanozymes-based colorimetric sensors. But there are few reports are explored to discuss and review such aggregation-induced nanozymes and their colorimetric sensing applications. To highlight the advances and progress in aggregation-induced nanozymes based colorimetric assays, we herein summary the fundamentals, classify and applications of this newly-developing field, focusing on the aggregation-induced activity enhancement of nanozymes (AIAE-nanozymes) with a significant "signal-on" feature and aggregation-induced activity inhibition of nanozymes (AIAI-nanozymes) with a dramatical "signal-off" characteristics. Finally, we also propose the current challenges and the future prospects on both AIAE-nanozymes and AIAI-nanozymes.
Caspases are a family of proteases that play critical roles in controlling inflammation and cell death. Apoptosis is a caspase-3 mainly controlled behavior to avoid inflammation and damage to surrounding cells, whereas anomalistic cell apoptosis may be associated with many diseases. The detection and imaging of caspase-3 will be of great significance in evaluating the early therapeutic effect of tumors. Developing smart fluorescent probes may be helpful for the visualization of therapeutic effect compared with palways onq probes. Thus, more and more works toward activatable fluorescent probes for caspase-3 imaging have been reported. In addition, multifunctional probes have also been designed to further improve the imaging of caspase-3. Herein, this review systematically summarized the representative work of caspase-3 from the perspective of molecular design that it will play a guiding role in the design of probes that respond to caspase-3. Also, challenges and perspectives toward the field for imaging of cell apoptosis (caspase-3) are also discussed.
A facile and metal-free visible-light-enabled three-component reaction of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, alkenes and CF3SO2Na has been developed under air at room temperature. This photocatalytic tandem reaction using 4CzIPN as the photocatalyst and air as the green oxidant, provides a mild and environmentally friendly approach to access a series of 3-trifluoroalkylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
Series of azobenzene-bridged pillar[5]arene-based [3]rotaxanes with different alkyl chain length of guest molecules were constructed by threading-endcapping method with alkylenetriazole as axile and tetrahydrochromene as endcapping group. The encapsulation of pillar[5]arenes were proved by high-resolution mass, 1H NMR and NOESY spectra. The photo-responsive property were examined by irradiation of the synthesized [3]rotaxanes with 365 nm and blue light LED, which caused trans to cis and cis to trans isomerization, respectively. Irradiation of corresponding model guest compounds without pillar[5]arene encapsulation resulted in near completely trans to cis and cis to trans isomerization, indicating the existence of pillar[5]arenes is the determining factor for the comprised photo isomerization efficiency.
The necessity to explore high-efficiency and high-value utilization strategy for biomass-waste is desirable. Herein, the strategy for direct conversion biomass-waste (rice husks) to Si/C composite structure anode was built. The Si/C composite materials were successfully obtained via the typical thermal reduction with magnesium, and the Si nanoparticle was uniformly embedded in carbon frame, as revealed by Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurement. The carbon structure among rice husks was effectively used as a protective layer to accommodate the volume variation of Si anode during the repeated lithiation/delithiation process. Benefitting from the structure design, the batteries show a superior electrochemical stability with the capacity retention rate above 90% after 150 cycles at the charge/discharge rate of 0.5 C (1 C = 600 mAh/g), and hold a high charge capacity of 420.7 mAh/g at the rate of 3 C. Therefore, our finding not only provides a promising design strategy for directly conversion biomass-waste to electrochemical storage materials but broadens the high-efficiency utilization method for other biomass by-products.
Two sulfonated seco C20-diterpenoid alkaloids, aconapelsulfonines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the raw material of "Fu Zi" (the Aconitum carmichaelii lateral roots), of which the structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic data, combined with X-ray crystallographic analysis. The unprecedented skeletons are biogenetically proposed to be derived via Criegee rearrangements of the napelline-type architecture. The two compounds exhibited dose-depended analgesic activities on an acetic acid-induced mice writhing test.
As a novel family of macrocyclic molecules, cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) have emerged as promising building blocks of supramolecular nano drug delivery systems (SNDDS) in recent years. Direct encapsulation of amphiphilic guests by CB[6] and CB[7] can modulate their amphiphilicity, resulting in formation of supramolecular amphiphiles that self-assemble into supramolecular nanoparticles for drug delivery. Additionally, CB[n]'s host-guest chemistry on the surface of mesoporous nanoparticles makes CB[n] an ideal blocking agent to control drug release from delivery vehicles. These SNDDS possess intrinsic stimuli responsiveness towards external guest or host, which can further incorporate responsiveness to a variety of other stimuli including pH, thermal, redox, photo and enzyme, to realize multiple stimuli-responsive drug release. Moreover, the recent breakthrough in direct functionalization of CB[n]s has provided a feasible method for preparing superior CB[6] and CB[7] derivatives that can be employed to build multifunctional SNDDS with unoccupied macrocycles located on surface, which could be decorated with various functional "tags" through host-guest chemistry. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of CB[6] and CB[7] based SNDDS through formation of supramolecular amphiphiles, supramolecular nanovalves as well as supramolecularly tailorable surface, which we hope to further promote the development of CB[n]s family as building blocks for advanced SNDDS.
Recent advances in non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), typically Y6, have driven power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction organic solar cells (OSCs) over 16%. Meanwhile, it becomes essential to know how to adopt simple strategies to further improve device performance. In this work, a new A-DA'D-A acceptor derivative, Y19-N3 employing 3-ethylheptyl branched at the 3rd-position instead of 2-ethylhexyl on the pyrroles of Y19 is reported. The selection of an appropriate solvent in casting device is implemented to maximize the photovoltaic performance. PBDB-T: Y19-N3-based OSCs treated with a ternary solvent of CF/CB (1:3, v/v) and 0.8% DIO exhibit the optimal PCE of 13.77% here, with the significantly improved Voc (0.78 V) and FF (0.72) as well as the high Jsc (24.46 mA/cm2). Further characterizations indicate that this ternary solvent-treated PBDB-T/Y19-N3 film exhibits the more appropriate morphological features with the highly efficient charge generation and collection as well as the more balanced electron and hole mobilities. This work combines molecular design and device engineering to improve the photovoltaic properties, which is important to the development of OSCs.
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