Latest ArticlesSystemic administration of the anti-rheumatic drug methotrexate (MTX) for a long period of time may lead to therapeutic tolerance, various adverse effects, and potential harm to the immune system. Therapeutic nano-delivery carriers constructed based on biologically active phenols provide a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic effect of anti-rheumatic drugs. Caffeic acid, a natural compound with anti-inflammatory properties, holds significant potential in the treatment of diverse inflammatory conditions. In this paper, we first constructed a nano-delivery platform for MTX using caffeic acid-based polyphenol polymer Ph-CaA-OH (PCOH), and investigated the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at low drug administration doses (2.5 mg/kg). PCOH nanoparticles (NPs) could inhibit lipopolysaccharidesstimulated macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and pro-inflammatory differentiation in vitro. In vivo imaging revealed the rapid accumulation and sustained presence of PCOH NPs at inflamed joints in collagen induced-arthritis (CIA) mice. Therapeutic evaluation of CIA mice demonstrated that MTX@PCOH NPs were superior to free MTX in reducing the progression of RA and decreasing the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines without significant toxic effects. By enhancing drug aggregation at inflammatory joints and capitalizing on the synergistic effects of active carriers, MTX@PCOH NPs effectively minimized the required drug dosage and mitigated toxic side effects in RA treatment. The application of PCOH NPs to RA treatment provides a new strategy for the development of safer and more effective anti-RA nanomedicines.
Metabolism is a general term for a series of ordered chemical reactions in an organism used to maintain life, mainly divided into anabolic and catabolic metabolism. Nucleic acid therapy can not only precisely up-regulate and down-regulate the expression of target genes but also correct mutated disease-causing genes, which demonstrates irreplaceable and outstanding advantages in the treatment of metabolism-related diseases and has been applied to the clinical treatment of metabolism-related diseases. In this review, we introduce the structures of several major nucleic acid drugs and the mechanism of nucleic acid therapy. Subsequently, we describe the mechanisms of various biomolecular and tissue metabolisms and the etiology of metabolic disorders, classified according to metabolic substrates. We analyze the signal pathways and potential targets affecting the metabolism of each substrate and describe the nucleic acid drugs applied to these targets and their delivery technologies. This review aims to provide new ideas and targets for treating these diseases by investigating the role played by metabolism in developing diseases and providing guidance for the selection and design of nucleic acid drugs.
By introduction of hydrogen peroxide into the reaction system of ZrOCl2·8H2O and K14[As2W19O67(H2O)], a novel polyoxometalate K8Na19.5H0.5[Zr2(O2)2(β-AsVW10O38)]4·68H2O (1) has been successfully obtained via one-pot method and systematically characterized by IR, XPS, solid UV spectra, PXRD pattern, and TGA analysis. The analysis of X-ray crystallography exhibits that compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 and presents a novel square-shaped Zr-substituted tetrameric polyoxometalate. The catalytic oxidation of sulfides by 1 are carried out, which demonstrate that 1 exhibits a good performance for the catalytic oxidation of sulfides to sulfones with high conversion (100%) and high selectivity (100%).
Large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide (CO2) removal technology is an essential step to cope with global warming and achieve carbon neutrality. Direct air capture (DAC) has recently received increasing attention given the high flexibility to remove CO2 from discrete sources. Porous materials with adjustable pore characteristics are promising sorbents with low or no latent heat of vaporization. This review article has summarized the recent development of porous sorbents for DAC, with a focus of pore engineering strategy and adsorption mechanism. Physisorbents such as zeolites, porous carbons, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and amine-modified chemisorbents have been discussed and their challenges in practical application have been analyzed. At last, future directions have been proposed, and it is expected to inspire collaborations from chemistry, environment, material science and engineering communities.
Heterogeneous metal-catalyzed chemical conversions with a recyclable catalyst are very ideal and challenging for sustainable organic synthesis. A new bipyridyl-Mo(Ⅳ)-carbon nitride (CN-K/Mo-Bpy) was prepared by supporting molybdenum complex on C3N4-K and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, XPS and ICP-OES. Heterogeneous CN–Mo-Bpy catalyst can be applied to the direct amination of nitroarenes and arylboronic acid, thus constructing various valuable diarylamines in high to excellent yields with a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. It is worth noting that this heterogeneous catalyst has high chemical stability and can be recycled for at least five times without reducing its activity.
In recent years, the development of wafer-level GaN nanowires photocatalyst loaded onto silicon substrates has progressed rapidly depending on its simplicity of instrumentation, collection and separation from the water. Accordingly, the wafer-level GaN-based nanowires (GaN NWs) photocatalyst can be a fabulous candidate for the application in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (PHER) and provides a novel route to address the environmental and energy crisis. Herein, a range of innovative strategies to improve the performance of GaN NWs photocatalyst are systematically summarized. Then, the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, the characteristics of GaN NWs system, the cost of the origin material required, as well as the stability, activity and the corrosion resistance to seawater are discussed in detail as some of the essential conditions for advancing its large-scale industry-friendly application. Last but not least, we provide the potential application of this system for splitting seawater to produce hydrogen and point out the direction for overcoming the barriers to future industrial-scale implementation.
Mn-rich layered oxides are appealing cathodes for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) in view of their comprehensive virtues such as low cost, high energy density and mature craftsmanship. However, the insufficient covalency between transition metal (TM) and O usually induces irreversible structural evolution and cation migration during repeated insertion and extraction of K+, resulting in capacity loss, voltage fading and sluggish kinetics. Herein, an anion substitution strategy is proposed for a stable operation of layered oxide cathode by adjusting the valence electron layer structure between TM and O. The resultant strong TM−O skeleton can inhibit the occurrence of side effects derive from Ni4+ during the deep depotassium process, so as to achieve a gentle structural transition. Consequently, stable cycling performance of K0.39Mn0.77Ni0.23O1.9F0.1 (KMNOF) cathode is achieved with 77% capacity retention over 350 cycles at 100 mA/g, yielding high discharge capacity 93.5 mAh/g at 20 mA/g and significantly improved rate capability of 50.1 mAh/g at 500 mA/g, whereas irreversible structural evolution and rapid capacity fade with KMNO cathode. Finally, in situ/ex situ characterizations and theoretical computations sheds light on the charge transfer and structure evolution mechanisms of KMNOF.
Hydrocarbons (HCs), as major poisoning substances, have a crucial influence on NH3-SCR catalysts. In this work, the effects of C3H6 on fresh and hydrothermally aged Cu-SSZ-39 catalysts with different copper contents were investigated. All catalysts suffered a deactivation above 250 ℃, especially between 300-400 ℃, which was mainly related to the reaction between NH3 and C3H6. However, the hydrothermally aged and the high-copper-loaded Cu-SSZ-39 catalysts could achieve a recovery of NH3-SCR performance at high temperatures. Such activity recovery was attributed to the oxidation of C3H6 by CuxOy species, which therefore inhibited the reaction between NH3 and C3H6. As a result, more NH3 could be available for the NH3-SCR reaction and the Cu-SSZ-39 catalysts could maintain a good catalytic activity. Based on these findings, we proposed that high loaded Cu-SSZ-39 catalysts with a little CuOx formed are preferred for application.
Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed reductive decarboxylative difluoromethylation reaction of alkenes using inexpensive and easy-to-handle difluoroacetic anhydride (DFAA)/pyridine N-oxide reagent system. A variety of C(sp3)-CF2H containing compounds were prepared through a hydrodifluoromethylation process. Besides, various gem–difluoroalkenes bearing CF2H group were synthesized via defluorinative reductive cross-coupling process from trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes using this new reaction system. Difluoroacetic anhydride has been then extended to other common alkyl anhydrides, and the corresponding hydroalkylation and defluoroalkylation processes have been successfully achieved. This method features broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance as well as high efficiency.
The utilization of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is highly important in addressing the energy crisis and water scarcity, primarily because of its affordability and minimal energy usage. Enhancing the performance of solar energy evaporation and minimizing material degradation during application can be achieved through the design of novel photothermal materials. In solar interfacial evaporation, photothermal materials exhibit a wide range of additional characteristics, but a systematic overview is lacking. This paper encompasses an examination of various categories and principles pertaining to photothermal materials, as well as the structural design considerations for salt-resistant materials. Additionally, we discuss the versatile uses of this appealing technology in different sectors related to energy and the environment. Furthermore, potential solutions to enhance the durability of photothermal materials are also highlighted, such as the rational design of micro/nano-structures, the use of adhesives, the addition of anti-corrosion coatings, and the preparation of self-healing surfaces. The objective of this review is to offer a viable resolution for the logical creation of high-performance photothermal substances, presenting a guide for the forthcoming advancement of solar evaporation technology.
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