Latest ArticlesWith the ever-growing demand of clean water for the healthy world, water purification has become an urgent global issue. Singlet oxygen (1O2) as unique non-radical derivative of oxygen, possessing unoccupied π* orbital and exhibiting high selectivity towards electron-rich organic pollutants. Nevertheless, most of the approaches suffer from low-efficiency or biotoxicity, which severely restrict their potential applications. Therefore, in this work, we propose a general strategy via photoelectrocatalytic for selectively reducing oxygen to 1O2 with designed carbon bridged carbon nitride (CBCN). This work highlights the important role of synergistic photo-electro-catalytic effect for selectively generating the 1O2 via oxygen reduction pathway, which can be a promising way especially for degrading electron-rich pollutants.
Zwitterionic polymer materials have been extensively studied, but zwitterionic peptides supramolecular hydrogel materials are rarely studied. In this study, the preparation of two zwitterionic hydrogels using self-assembled peptides were reported. The hydrogels could be fabricated easily by changing the temperature or enzyme catalysis in a short time. And the differences in structure and function of the zwitterion peptide hydrogels caused by the two preparation methods were also be compared. We found that the hydrogel prepared by enzyme induced self-assembly has better solubility and lower cytotoxicity than that prepared by the heating-cooling process. The result showed the enzyme induced self-assembly way to form zwitterionic peptides supramolecular hydrogel materials could have further biomedical applications.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) disproportionation, iron precipitation, and narrow pH range are the drawbacks of traditional Fenton process. To surmount these barriers, we proposed a ferric ion (Fe3+)-ascorbic acid (AA) complex catalyzed calcium peroxide (CaO2) Fenton-like system to remove organic dyes in water. This collaborative Fe3+/AA/CaO2 system presented an obvious improvement in the methyl orange (MO) decolorization, and also effectively eliminated other dyes. Response surface method was employed to optimize the running parameters for this coupling process. Under the optimized arguments (2.76 mmol/L Fe3+, 0.68 mmol/L AA, and 4 mmol/L CaO2), the MO removal achieved 98.90% after 15 min at pH 6.50, which was close to the computed outcome of 99.30%. Furthermore, this Fenton-like system could perform well in a wide range of pH (3-11), and enhance the H2O2 decomposition and Fe ions recycle. The scavenger experiment result indicated that hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion free radical, and singlet oxygen were acted on the dye elimination. Moreover, electron spin resonance analysis corroborated that the existences of these active species in the Fe3+/AA/CaO2 system. This study could advance the development of Fenton-like technique in organic effluent disposal.
Heterogeneous nanostructures that are defined as a hybrid structure consisting of two or more nanoscale domains with distinct chemical compositions or physical characteristics have attracted intense efforts in recent years. In this review, we focus on the introduction of a number of heterogeneous nanostructures derived using core-shell Ag-Pt nanoparticles as starting materials, including hollow, dimeric and composite structures and also highlight their application in catalyzing electrochemical reactions, e.g., methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction. This review not only shows the capability of core-shell Ag-Pt nanoparticles in producing various heterogeneous nanostructures as starting templates, but also highlights the structural design or electronic interaction that endows the heterogeneous nanostructures with enhanced catalytic properties either in methanol oxidation or in oxygen reduction. Further, we also make some perspectives for more heterogeneous nanostructures that may be prepared by using core-shell Ag-Pt particles or their derivatives so as to offer the readers the opportunities and challenges in this field.
The rapid development of next-generation flexible electronics stimulates the growing demand for flexible and wearable power sources with high energy density. Li metal capacitor (LMC), combining with a Li metal anode and an activated carbon cathode, exhibits extremely high energy density and high power density due to the unique energy storage mechanism, thus showing great potential for powering wearable electronic devices. Herein, a flexible LMC based on an in situ prepared PETEA-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was reported for the first time. Owing to the high ionic conductivity of PETEA-based GPE (5.75 × 10-3 S/cm at 20 ℃), the assembled flexible LMC delivers a high capacitance of 210 F/g at 0.1 A/g within the voltage range from 1.5 V to 4.3 V vs. Li/Li+, a high energy density of 474 Wh/kg at 0.1 A/g and a high power density of 29 kW/kg at 10 A/g. More importantly, PETEA-based GPE endows the LMC with excellent flexibility and safety, which could work normally under abuse tests, such as bending, nail penetration and cutting. The in situ prepared PETEA-based GPE simplifies the fabrication process, avoids the risk of leakage and inhibits the growth of Li dendrite, making LMC a promising flexible energy storage device for the flexible electronic field.
Triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives and their radical cation counterparts have successfully demonstrated a great potential for applications in a wide range of fields including organic redox catalysis, organic semiconductors, magnetic materials, etc., mainly because of their excellent redox activity. The stability of TPA radical cation has significant effect on the properties of the TPA-based functional materials, especially in relation to their electronic properties. Considering the instability of parent TPA radical cation, many efforts have been devoted to the development of stable TPA radical cations and related materials. Among them, TPA radical cation-based macrocycles have attracted particular attention because their large delocalized structures can stabilize the TPA radicals, thus endow them with outstanding redox behaviors, multiple resonance structures, and wide application in various optoelectronic devices. In this review, we give a brief introduction of organic radicals and the documented stable TPA radicals. Subsequently, a number of TPA radical cation-based macrocycles are comprehensively surveyed. It is expected that this minireview will not only summarize the recent development of TPA radical cations and their macrocycles, but also shed new light on the prospect of the design of more sophisticated radical cation-based architectures and related materials.
The perfluoroalkylsulfonylation (CF3SO2, C2F5SO2 and CHF2SO2) in the enaminone CH bonds has been developed simply via the promotion of molecular iodine by using stable and cheap sodium perfluoroalkyl sulfinates as coupling partners. The stereoselective synthesis of E-configurated α-perfluoroalkylsulfonyl enaminones has been realized via unprecedented CH bond elaboration and CC double bond configuration inversion by free radical process.
A photoinduced reaction of potassium alkyltrifluoroborates, sulfur dioxide, and para-quinone methides under visible light irradiation at room temperature is developed, giving rise to diarylmethyl alkylsulfones in moderate to good yields. This reaction works well under photocatalysis with a broad substrate scope by using DABCO·(SO2)2 as the source of sulfur dioxide. Mechanistic study shows that this transformation is initiated by alkyl radicals generated in situ from potassium alkyltrifluoroborates in the presence of photocatalyst. The subsequent insertion of sulfur dioxide and radical 1, 6-addition of para-quinone methides with alkylsulfonyl radical intermediates afford the corresponding diarylmethyl alkylsulfones.
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can directly convert renewable biogas into electricity with high efficiency at high temperature, however the long-term stability of SOFCs is significantly affected by the carbon deposition on the anode during cell operation. Herein, we report a novel carbon removal approach by high temperature infrared light driven photocatalytic oxidation. Upon the comparison of electrochemical performance of Ni-YSZ anode and TiO2 modified Ni-YSZ anode in the state-of-the-art single cell (Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSCM), the modified anodes exhibit markedly improved peak powder density with simulated biogas fuel (70% CH4+ 30% CO2) at 850 ℃ with less coking after 40 h operation. The high activity and carbon deposition resistance of the modified anode is possibly attributed to the in situ generated hydroxyl radical from the reduced TiOx powder under high temperature infrared light excitation, which is supported by detailed analysis of microstructural information of anodes and the powder-based thermo-photocatalytic experiments.
The mixture of p-(methoxy)calix[n]arenes (n = 6, 7 or 8) was prepared in one step from p-methoxyphenol under basic conditions, and their fully methylated derivatives p-(dimethyloxy)calix[n]arenes (n = 6, 7 or 8) were also prepared and purified by column chromatography to indentify their structures. In this process, the single crystal of p-(dimethyloxy)calix[7]arene was obtained and its structure was confirmed. The proportion of p-(methoxy)calix[6]-, [7]- and [8]-arenes in the mixture obtained from the reaction was investigated under different reaction conditions, and p-(methoxy)calix[6]- and [8]-arenes could be separated from the mixture by solvent extraction. In addition, the host-guest interaction of p-(dimethyloxy)calix[6]arene with methyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium hexafluorophosphate in organic solvents was investigated.
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