Latest ArticlesUncontrollable hemorrhage remains staple trouble in surgical procedures and a leading cause after major trauma. The bleeding issue may trigger various pathologic scenarios that can lead to tissue morbidities and mortalities, and currently available on-site hemostatic agents are confined to a narrow therapeutic index and may carry the risk of immunogenicity. Inspired by the crucial role of platelets in the process of thrombus, a platelet-mimetic plateletsome with wound targeting and blood coagulation properties is developed for hemorrhage control. Plateletsome is formulated by integrating platelet membranes with functionalized synthetic liposomes and exhibits superior wound targeting and effective hemostasis properties. It presents less blood loss and shorter hemostasis time than the platelet membrane vehicles or the conventional liposomes in the mouse tail transection model. The strong homing of the biomimetic plateletsome to the thrombus was also confirmed, demonstrating the potential of this engineered cell membrane vesicle as a biomimetic hemostat for bleeding treatment.
Two primitive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), NiL1 and NiL2, based on Ni8O6-cluster and ditopic pyrazolate linkers, L1 (with rigid alkyne arms) and L2 (with flexible alkyne chains), were prepared. The proton conductivities of these MOFs in pristine form and imidazole-encapsulated forms, Im@NiL1 and Im@NiL2, were measured and compared. Upon introduction of imidazole molecules, the proton conductivity could be increased by 3 to 5 orders of magnitude and reached as high as 1.72 × 10−2 S/cm (at 98% RH and 80 ℃). Also, whether imidazole molecules were introduced or not, Ni8O6-based MOFs with L2 in general gave better proton conductivity than those with L1 signifying that flexible side arms indeed assist proton conduction probably via establishment of efficient proton-conducting channels along with formation of highly ordered domains of water/imidazole molecules within the network cavities. Beyond the active Ni8O6-cluster, tuning flexibility of linker pendants serves as an alternative approach to regulate/modulate the proton conductivity of MOFs.
In this work, a modification method of H3PO4 plus H2O2 (PHP) was introduced to targetedly form abundant oxygenated functional groups (OFGs) on biochar, and methylene blue (MB) was employed as a model pollutant for adsorption to reflect the modification performance. Results indicated that parent biochars, especially derived from lower temperatures, substantially underwent oxidative modification by PHP, and OFGs were targetedly produced. Correspondingly, approximately 21.5-fold MB adsorption capacity was achieved by PHP-modified biochar comparing with its parent biochar. To evaluate the compatibility of PHP-modification, coefficient of variation (CV) based on MB adsorption capacity by the biochar from various precursors was calculated, in which the CV of PHP-modified biochars was 0.0038 comparing to 0.64 of the corresponding parent biochars. These results suggested that the PHP method displayed the excellent feedstock compatibility on biochar modification. The maximum MB adsorption capacity was 454.1 mg/g when the H3PO4 and H2O2 fraction in PHP were 65.2% and 7.0%; the modification was further intensified by promoting temperature and duration. Besides, average 94.5% H3PO4 was recovered after 10-batch modification, implying 1.0 kg H3PO4 (85%) in PHP can maximally modify 2.37 kg biochar. Overall, this work offered a novel method to tailor biochar towards OFGs-rich surface for efficient adsorption.
The works on the procedure of fluorescent sensors for the detection of biological analytes are extremely momentous. Among diverse analytical approaches, fluorescence is the most eye-catching due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, rapidity, robustness, ease of measurement and non-destructive approaches. Herein, we show different fluorescent probes synthesized for estimation and detection of biological analytes (H2S, SO32−/HSO3−, H2O2, HOCl, HNO, ONOO−). These probes were constructed by masking the functional groups (hydroxyl and amino) of fluorophore and formation of active C=C, C=N, C=O and N=N for specific analytes. In this review we concentrate on synthesis of the probe, their photophysical properties and applications to biological studies.
Malignant tumors, with the characteristics of easy metastasis and recurrence, are a serious threat to health of mankind. It is urgent to develop promising clinical cancer targeted agents with combination of rapid diagnosis and efficient therapies. Compared with the conventional photosensitizing agents, the recent advances of nanoagents based on transition metal-oxide clusters possess unique structural and electronic properties, greatly improving cancer survival rate, meanwhile, keeping high contrast imaging. This review provides a brief introduction of metal-oxide clusters, including both nanoclusters to molecular clusters, specifically polyoxometalates (POMs). Subsequently, biocompatibility of metal-oxide clusters is emphasized from aspects of endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. Through the classification of late and early transition metals oxide clusters, recent outcomes of light-guided nanoagents are represented with their intriguing chemical and optical properties in their diagnosing and photochemotherapy performance. It shed light on the summary of next generation multifunctional cancer targeting agents' developments as well as outlook of materials selection trends and research direction in the future.
The abnormal activation of JAK2 kinase is closely related to the occurrence and progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). At present, there is still an obvious unmet medical need for selective JAK2 inhibitors in clinic. In this paper, a class of 2-aminopyridine derivatives as potent and selective JAK2 inhibitors was obtained by combining drug design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies based on the previously identified lead Crizotinib. Among them, 21b exhibited high inhibitory activity against JAK2 with an IC50 of 9 nmol/L, moreover, it showed 276- and 184-fold selectivity over JAK1 and JAK3, respectively. Besides, 21b had a significant antiproliferative activity against HEL cells, and also inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and its down-stream signaling pathway. These results indicated that 2-aminopyridine compound 21b had the potential to be developed as a selective JAK2 inhibitor for further study.
A new type of covalent organic framework (COF) was achieved using combination of structrally rigid and conformationally othorganal building blocks. The N-2-aryl-substituted triazole derivative (NAT-CHO) was prepared with co-planar conformation among the three aromatic rings as the "flat" building block. The 4, 4′, 4′′, 4′′′-(ethene-1, 1, 2, 2-tetrayl)tetraaniline) (ETTA) was applied as the "twist" building block. A 2D sheet of network was obtained through imine formation. The resulting NAT-COF gave excellent thermal and chemical stability, survived aqueous solutions from pH 5 to 13. With large-size building blocks, the porous framework NAT-COF gave efficient gas adsorption with excellent selectivity of C3 propane over C1 me-thane, suggesting its potential application for selective gas capture and separation.
In the field of cell studies, there is a burgeoning trend to further downscale the investigation from a single-cell level to a sub-single-cell level. Subcellular matter is the basic content in cells and correlates with cell heterogeneity. Sub-single cellular studies focus on the subcellular matter in single cells and aim to understand the details and heterogeneity of individual cells in terms of the subcellular matter or even at the single component/vesicle/molecule level. Hence, sub-single cellular studies can provide deeper insights into fundamental cell biology and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies and applications. Nonetheless, the contents of a single cell are not only ultra-small in volume but also extremely complex in composition, far exceeding the capabilities of most tools used in current cell studies. We believe that nanofluidics holds great potential in providing ideal tools for sub-single cellular studies, not only because of their capability to handle femtoliter/attoliter-scale samples, but also because of their possibility to manipulate and analyze subcellular matters at the single component/vesicle/molecule level in a high-throughput manner. In this review, we summarize the efforts in the field of nanofluidics for sub-single cellular studies, focusing on nascent progress and critical technologies that have the potential to overcome the technical bottlenecks. Some challenges and future opportunities to integrate with information sciences are also discussed.
A rhodium-catalyzed [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction between N-methoxybenzamides and gem-difluorocyclopropenes is described. The reaction offers a mild and efficient approach towards the synthesis of fluorinated 2H-azepin-2-ones with broad substrate scope. A consecutive HOAc-assisted CN bond formation and fluorine elimination are involved as key steps for success as illustrated by detailed DFT studies.
Valeriaquinone A (1), an unprecedented anthraquinone-coumarin hybrid, was isolated from the roots of Knoxia valerianoides. Its structure was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses and X-ray diffraction. The plausible biosynthetic pathways for 1 were proposed. Compound 1 exhibited strong protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition with high selectivity (> 30 fold) over homologous T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) potentially by binding to an allosteric site predicted by kinetic analysis and molecular docking. Moreover, compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activities against three human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, QGY-7703, and SMMC-7721) with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 1.39 ± 0.2, 10.34 ± 2.09, and 5.56 ± 0.47 µmol/L, respectively.
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