Latest ArticlesIn the field of cell studies, there is a burgeoning trend to further downscale the investigation from a single-cell level to a sub-single-cell level. Subcellular matter is the basic content in cells and correlates with cell heterogeneity. Sub-single cellular studies focus on the subcellular matter in single cells and aim to understand the details and heterogeneity of individual cells in terms of the subcellular matter or even at the single component/vesicle/molecule level. Hence, sub-single cellular studies can provide deeper insights into fundamental cell biology and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies and applications. Nonetheless, the contents of a single cell are not only ultra-small in volume but also extremely complex in composition, far exceeding the capabilities of most tools used in current cell studies. We believe that nanofluidics holds great potential in providing ideal tools for sub-single cellular studies, not only because of their capability to handle femtoliter/attoliter-scale samples, but also because of their possibility to manipulate and analyze subcellular matters at the single component/vesicle/molecule level in a high-throughput manner. In this review, we summarize the efforts in the field of nanofluidics for sub-single cellular studies, focusing on nascent progress and critical technologies that have the potential to overcome the technical bottlenecks. Some challenges and future opportunities to integrate with information sciences are also discussed.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been attracting growing concerns since the first report in 2005. With the well-defined and ordered structures, COFs express big potential in mass transport, storage/separation and energy conversion applications. From the perspective of both theory and application, the construction of crystalline COFs with high quality and variety is highly worth to be devoted to. To give insight into the crystalline process of COFs and deeply understand the factors of COFs crystallization, this review was concentrated on the recent progress in construction of crystalline COFs. Accordingly, the types and crystallization process of COFs were summarized firstly. And then the factors on crystallinity and the measures for improving the crystallinity of COFs were classified and discussed in detail. Finally, the perspectives for the development of COFs in further was given at the end of this review.
The abnormal activation of JAK2 kinase is closely related to the occurrence and progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). At present, there is still an obvious unmet medical need for selective JAK2 inhibitors in clinic. In this paper, a class of 2-aminopyridine derivatives as potent and selective JAK2 inhibitors was obtained by combining drug design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies based on the previously identified lead Crizotinib. Among them, 21b exhibited high inhibitory activity against JAK2 with an IC50 of 9 nmol/L, moreover, it showed 276- and 184-fold selectivity over JAK1 and JAK3, respectively. Besides, 21b had a significant antiproliferative activity against HEL cells, and also inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and its down-stream signaling pathway. These results indicated that 2-aminopyridine compound 21b had the potential to be developed as a selective JAK2 inhibitor for further study.
A new type of covalent organic framework (COF) was achieved using combination of structrally rigid and conformationally othorganal building blocks. The N-2-aryl-substituted triazole derivative (NAT-CHO) was prepared with co-planar conformation among the three aromatic rings as the "flat" building block. The 4, 4′, 4′′, 4′′′-(ethene-1, 1, 2, 2-tetrayl)tetraaniline) (ETTA) was applied as the "twist" building block. A 2D sheet of network was obtained through imine formation. The resulting NAT-COF gave excellent thermal and chemical stability, survived aqueous solutions from pH 5 to 13. With large-size building blocks, the porous framework NAT-COF gave efficient gas adsorption with excellent selectivity of C3 propane over C1 me-thane, suggesting its potential application for selective gas capture and separation.
Malignant tumors, with the characteristics of easy metastasis and recurrence, are a serious threat to health of mankind. It is urgent to develop promising clinical cancer targeted agents with combination of rapid diagnosis and efficient therapies. Compared with the conventional photosensitizing agents, the recent advances of nanoagents based on transition metal-oxide clusters possess unique structural and electronic properties, greatly improving cancer survival rate, meanwhile, keeping high contrast imaging. This review provides a brief introduction of metal-oxide clusters, including both nanoclusters to molecular clusters, specifically polyoxometalates (POMs). Subsequently, biocompatibility of metal-oxide clusters is emphasized from aspects of endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. Through the classification of late and early transition metals oxide clusters, recent outcomes of light-guided nanoagents are represented with their intriguing chemical and optical properties in their diagnosing and photochemotherapy performance. It shed light on the summary of next generation multifunctional cancer targeting agents' developments as well as outlook of materials selection trends and research direction in the future.
A hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)-catalyzed highly diastereoselective formal [4 + 2] cyclization between ortho-hydroxyphenyl para-quinone methides and difluoroenoxysilanes is developed. This tandem protocol provides a simple and straightforward approach to assemble diverse multiply functionalized difluorinated chromans with high to excellent diastereoselectivity by employing difluoroenoxysilane as a new C2 synthon.
Two primitive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), NiL1 and NiL2, based on Ni8O6-cluster and ditopic pyrazolate linkers, L1 (with rigid alkyne arms) and L2 (with flexible alkyne chains), were prepared. The proton conductivities of these MOFs in pristine form and imidazole-encapsulated forms, Im@NiL1 and Im@NiL2, were measured and compared. Upon introduction of imidazole molecules, the proton conductivity could be increased by 3 to 5 orders of magnitude and reached as high as 1.72 × 10−2 S/cm (at 98% RH and 80 ℃). Also, whether imidazole molecules were introduced or not, Ni8O6-based MOFs with L2 in general gave better proton conductivity than those with L1 signifying that flexible side arms indeed assist proton conduction probably via establishment of efficient proton-conducting channels along with formation of highly ordered domains of water/imidazole molecules within the network cavities. Beyond the active Ni8O6-cluster, tuning flexibility of linker pendants serves as an alternative approach to regulate/modulate the proton conductivity of MOFs.
Silicon (Si) is regarded as the potential anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to the remarkable theoretical specific capacity and low voltage plateau. However, the rapid capacity decay resulting from volume variation and slow electron/ion transportation of Si limit its practical application. Here, matryoshka-type carbon-stabilized hollow silicon spheres (Si/C/Si/C) are synthesized by an aluminothermic reduction and calcination process. The Si/C/Si/C anode materials prepared at 500 ℃ (Si/C/Si/C-500) exhibit unique structures, in which amorphous region and porous structure are preserved in the Si layers. The anode based on Si/C/Si/C-500 displays an initial specific capacity of 2792 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g. At 1000 mA/g, this anode retains a reversible capacity of 1673 mAh/g, 86.9% of the initial capacity after 200 cycles. Such synthetic strategy can be employed to fabricate other high-capacity anode materials with large volume variation during charge/discharge process
Ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) has been considered to be a promising chemical hydrogen storage material. Based on density functional theory, a series of transition metal atoms supported P3C (P3C_O) sheet is systematically investigated to screen out the most promising catalyst for dehydrogenation of AB. The results indicate that the Os/P3C and Os/P3C_O could be an efficient single atom catalyst (SACs) and the stepwise reaction pathway with free energy barrier of 2.07 and 1.54 eV respectively. Remarkably, the rate constant further quantitatively confirmed the real situation of the first step of dehydrogenation of AB on the Os/P3C and Os/P3C_O substrates. We found that kf1 at 400 K is equivalent to kf2 at 800 K, which greatly improves the temperature of the first step of AB dehydrogenation on P3C_O. We hope this work can provide a promising method for the design of catalysts for AB dehydrogenation reactions on the surface of two-dimensional materials (2D).
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework nanosheets (CONs) are attracting increasing research attention because of their unique properties derived from their ultrathin thickness, high surface-to-volume atomic ratio, and extremely large surface area. 2D CONs can provide high transport pathways for charge carriers (e.g., electrons, holes and ions) through either the conjugated skeletons or the open channels. Therefore, they have shown great potential in energy related applications. In this review, we firstly introduce the recent developments and characteristics of 2D CONs by focusing on the two typical synthetic methods, i.e., top-down and bottom-up methods. Then, the energy-related applications in energy storage and conversion of 2D CONs are summarized. Finally, we give our personal views on the challenges and perspectives for the future research of 2D CONs and their composites.
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