Latest ArticlesRacemic [18F]FBFP ([18F]1) proved to be a potent σ1 receptor radiotracer with superior imaging properties. The pure enantiomers of unlabeled compounds (S)- and (R)-1 and the corresponding iodonium ylide precursors were synthesized and characterized. The two enantiomers (S)-1 and (R)-1 exhibited comparable high affinity for σ1 receptors and selectivity over σ2 receptors. The Ca2+ fluorescence assay indicated that (R)-1 behaved as an antagonist and (S)-1 as an agonist for σ1 receptors. The 18F-labeled enantiomers (S)- and (R)-[18F]1 were obtained in > 99% enantiomeric purity from the corresponding enantiopure iodonium ylide precursors with radiochemical yield of 24.4% ± 2.6% and molar activity of 86-214 GBq/µmol. In ICR mice both (S)- and (R)-[18F]1 displayed comparable high brain uptake, brain-to-blood ratio, in vivo stability and binding specificity in the brain and peripheral organs. In micro-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in rats, (S)-[18F]1 exhibited faster clearance from the brain than (R)-[18F]1, indicating different brain kinetics of the two enantiomers. Both (S)- and (R)-[18F]1 warrant further evaluation in primates to translate a single enantiomer with more suitable kinetics for imaging the σ1 receptors in humans.
Dimethyl ether (DME), as a promising alternative to diesel fuel and liquefied petroleum gas, has attracted considerable attention in catalysis domain. The catalytic direct synthesis of DME from syngas is an up-and-coming route but remains a challenge. In this work, we firstly prepared a Cu-embedded porous Al2O3 bifunctional catalyst (Cu@Al2O3-dp) by filling Cu-1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylate metal-organic framework (Cu-BTC MOF) with Al(OH)3 followed by a two-step calcination process (400 ℃ for 4 h and 600 ℃ for 1 h), exhibiting excellent catalytic performance for direct synthesis of DME from syngas. Cu@Al2O3-dp catalyst demonstrates much higher CO conversion (25.7% vs. 15.4%) and extremely higher DME selectivity (90.4% vs. 63.9%) with the increased catalytic stability compared to the supported Cu catalyst on MOF-derived porous Al2O3 (Cu/Al2O3) prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method, ascribed to the unique embedding-type structure, promoted Cu dispersion and stronger metal-support interaction. This work not only provides an efficient syngas-to-DME catalyst, but also paves a new way for designing highly-efficient core-shell bifunctional catalysts for diverse consecutive reactions.
Copper-catalyzed divergent annulations between α-diketones and alkynyl α-diketones have been achieved, delivering a series of highly functionalized and biologically important cis-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan (HCPF) and 2-hydroxydihydrofuran-3(2H)-one (HDFO) products with high levels of stereoselectivity under identical conditions. The protocol features the use of earth-abundant copper catalyst, mild conditions, shortening synthetic routes in constructing different molecular frameworks, and reducing the corresponding possible waste production. The substituents of the nucleophilic α-diketones play crucial roles in switching the reaction pathways.
Inspired by the biosystems, the artificial smart membrane to control the mass transport and molecular conversion has attracted increasing attention in the fields of membrane separation, desalination, nanofiltration, healthcare and environmental remediation. However, the trade-off limitations in polymeric membranes greatly hinder the development of smart membranes with high permeability and manipulability. Recently, inspired by the unique physical/chemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, 2D materials-based smart membranes (2DSMs) with the ability of intelligent regulation under different stimuli are highly suitable for membrane applications. According to the desired properties, the 2DSMs with abundant functional groups can be designed through chemical modification to change the original properties and obtain tunable interlayer spacings under different external conditions. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on artificial smart membranes based on 2D materials. The design concept and fabrication strategy of 2DSMs are first introduced. Following that, the developed 2DSMs are introduced and classified by the type of responsive stimuli, including pH, magnetic field, electric field, light and temperature. Then, the 2DSMs exhibiting unique performances as membrane separation, pressure sensors, blue energy harvesting, photoelectrochemical sensors and biomimetic devices are presented. Finally, the perspectives and challenges in the developments of 2DSMs are discussed
Pathogenic bacteria pose a global threat to public health and attract considerable attention in terms of food safety. Rapid and highly sensitive strategies for detecting pathogenic bacteria must be urgently developed to ensure food safety and public health. Microchips offer significant advantages for pathogenic bacterial detection in terms of speed and sensitivity compared with those of traditional techniques. Microfluidic devices, in particular, have attracted significant attention for the detection of pathogenic bacteria owing to their ease of operation, high throughput, cost-effectiveness, and high sensitivity. This review summarizes representative articles on the analysis of pathogenic bacteria using microchip-based systems. A detailed and comprehensive overview of microchip-based techniques for the detection of pathogenic bacteria is presented herein, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed to compare their applications. The accomplishments and shortcomings of these microchips have been highlighted, and the direction of development and prospects of the analysis of pathogenic bacteria have been examined. The content of this review is anticipated to provide constructive suggestions for further development of highly effective and advanced microchip-based strategies for detecting pathogenic bacteria.
Conversion of hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) to trivalent chromium (Cr(Ⅲ)) is an effective way to reduce its environmental risk, especially via photoreduction process. However, over a wide range of pH values, it is still a great challenge to achieve a high removal rate, and the disposal of produced Cr(Ⅲ) should be concerned. In this work, we implemented a high removal rate at 98% for Cr(Ⅵ) and total chromium (Cr(T)) over a wide pH range (4–10) through the synergistic effect of adsorption, photoreduction and immobilization on the surface of BiOBr0.25I0.75. The substitution of bromine by iodine reduced the adsorption energy of Cr(Ⅵ) on BiOBr0.25I0.75, promoting the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ). Meanwhile, the introduced iodine upshifted the conduction band (CB), enhancing the reduction ability for Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ). The negative surface of BiOBr0.25I0.75 can capture Cr(Ⅲ), achieving a high removal rate for Cr(T). The pH-independent feature for Cr(Ⅵ) and Cr(Ⅲ) removal make BiOBr0.25I0.75 a potential material for chromium-containing wastewater treatment. This work provides an effective strategy for removing chromium over a wide pH range.
Cardiac toxicity is one of the most common side effects of anticancer drugs. Cardiac toxicity results dysfunction of heart including hypotension, heart failure, and even cause death in extreme cases. The potential risk of cardiotoxicity is a huge concern in chemotherapeutics mediated cancer treatment. The individual with any pre-existing cardiac issues are excluded from clinical trials due to the potential risk of cardiotoxicity. Because of the potential cardiotoxicity, there is an emerging need for alternatives of some very potent anticancer drugs (doxorubicin/DOX, 5-fluorouracil/5FU, trastuzumab). While a patient is being treated with anticancer drugs, early blood screening, biomarker detection, and careful monitoring of cardiac functions are necessary to be able to avoid any irreversible cardiac damage. Therefore, early detection methodology to monitor cardiotoxicity in real-time, and a drug formulation that prevent interaction between drug and cardiac cell, seemingly have potential to mitigate the risk. In this review, we have summarized the cardiotoxicity of the most used anticancer drugs, their pathophysiology and some of the conventional and newer screening methods available to manage an individual patient in clinic. We have also incorporated our perspective on how a rationale designing of biomolecules can be used to overcome the cardiotoxicity generated chemotherapeutics.
Several 2D nanosheets of porphyrin MOFs with various transition-metal clusters as metal nodes were prepared via a simple solvothermal method to apply in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, in which the hydrogen production rate of the optimal NS-Cu was as high as 15.39 mmol g−1 h−1. A series of experimental technologies especially cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Mott-Schottky (M-S) had been adopted to investigate the charge-transfer property of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, it was found that the uniformly dispersed Cu-clusters nodes in the original 2D MOFs played a key role in the electron transfer process, that was, the photo-generated electron transferred from excited state eosin-Y to the Cu-clusters nodes for the efficient hydrogen evolution. The excellent photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the reversible oxidation-–reduction process of CuⅡ/CuⅠ, which had excellent electron-receiving and electron-outputting capabilities. Our results provided a novel avenue to adapt the uniformly dispersed metal nodes in the original MOFs as cost-effective noble-metal-free cocatalysts with very high atom-utilization efficiency to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance in dye-sensitized system.
In this paper, Ni3S2 nanosheet (NS) was generated by chemical etching with sodium sulfide directly on the nickel foam (NF), which was induced by dielectric barrier discharge plasma in liquid. Compared with other chemical etching methods of nickel-based nanomaterials, this method was not only rapid (40 min) and mild (at room temperature and atmospheric pressure), but also showed consistent stability and good reproducibility. The Ni3S2 NS/NF electrode showed excellent performance in the electrochemical detection of formaldehyde under alkaline conditions. It had a good linear relationship with the concentration of formaldehyde in the range of 0.002-5.45 mmol/L (R2 = 0.9957) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.23 µmol/L (S/N = 3). The sensitivity was 1286.9 µA L mmol‒1 cm‒2, and the response time was about 5 s. The plasma-induced chemical etching strategy provides a simple and stable electrode preparation method, which has great application prospects in nonenzymatic electrochemical sensors.
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