Latest ArticlesFast-charging is considered to be a key factor in the successful expansion and use of electric vehicles. Current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit high energy density, enabling them to be used in electric vehicles (EVs) over long distances, but they take too long to charge. In addition to modifying the electrode and battery structure, the composition of the electrolyte also affects the fast-charging capability of LIBs. This review provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the research progress, basic mechanism, scientific challenges and design strategies of the new fast-charging solution system, focusing on the influences that the compositions of liquid and solid electrolytes have on the fast-charging performance of LIBs. Finally, new insights, promising directions and potential solutions for the electrolytes of fast-charging systems are proposed to stimulate further research on revolutionary next-generation fast-charging LIB chemistry.
Analytical chemistry plays an important role in the qualitive and quantitative analysis for molecules in the various circumstances, especially for the high-resolution analysis. The dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) technology with the characteristics of high resolution, high sensitivity and instantaneous sampling exhibited a great potential in high-resolution in-situ spectral methods and has been active in the fields of spatial ranging, air composition analysis, reaction monitoring and so on. In this review, we will summarize the principle of DCS according to the different wavelength coverage and overview the applications of DCS in analytical chemistry.
Chemotherapy is restricted by efficient drug outflow due to the multiple drug resistance (MDR) in heterogenous nature of tumor. Herein, we present a dual-responsive hyaluronic acid (HA) nanocomposite hydrogel that can not only response to the tumor microenvironment but also enhance chemotherapy. This HA hydrogel consists of a core-shell SiO2 (GOD@SiO2-Arg) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with doxorubicin (DOX) as the cargo (DOX@MSN). It could rapidly release the GOD@SiO2-Arg nanoparticles at the low pH tumor-specific environment due to the cleavage of imine bond. GOD@SiO2-Arg activated by over-expressed glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells releases GOD due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds, which could oxidize glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for in situ NO generation via reaction between Arg and H2O2. The validity of this study might provide a method to modulate the tumor microenvironment for enhancing chemotherapy.
The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is less than 5%. However, the current clinical multimodal therapy combined with first-line chemotherapy drugs only increases the patient's median survival from 5.0 months to 7.2 months. Consequently, a new strategy of cancer treatments is urgently needed to overcome this high-fatality disease. Through a series of biometric analyses, we found that KRAS is highly expressed in the tumor of pancreatic cancer patients, and this high expression is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients. It shows that inhibiting the expression of KRAS has great potential in gene therapy for pancreatic cancer. Given those above, we have exploited the possibility of targeted delivery of KRAS shRNA with the intelligent and bio-responsive nanomedicine to detect the special oxidative stress microenvironment of cancer cells and realize efficient cancer theranostics. Our observations demonstrate that by designing the smart self-assembled nanocapsules of melanin with fluorescent nanoclusters we can readily achieve the bio-recognition and bioimaging of cancer cells in biological solution or serum. The self-assembled nanocapsules can make a significant bio-response to the oxidative stress microenvironment of cancer cells and generate fluorescent zinc oxide Nanoclusters in situ for targeted cell bioimaging. Moreover, it can also readily facilitate cancer cell suppression through the targeted delivery of KRAS shRNA and low-temperature hyperthermia. This raises the possibility to provide a promising theranostics platform and self-assembled nanomedicine for targeted cancer diagnostics and treatments through special oxidative stress-responsive effects of cancer cells.
Polyaniline-supported tungsten (W@PANI) was easily prepared by immersing polyaniline (PANI) in the aqueous solution of Na2WO4. It was found to be an efficient catalyst for oxidative deoximation reaction, the very important transformation for pharmaceutical industry. Besides the green features, the method employed very few of catalytic tungsten (0.048 mol% vs. oxime substrates), resulting in the high turnover numbers (TONs) of the catalyst (ca. 103 mol/mol) and the low metal residues in product (< 0.1 ppm). The reaction is applicable for a variety of substrates, including those containing heterocycles, which are key intermediates in medicine synthesis. It has also been successfully magnified to kilogram scale production to afford the desired carbonyl products smoothly.
Boron/nitrogen-co-doped carbon (BCN) nanosheets decorated with Fe2O3 nanocrystals (Fe2O3–BCN) were cast on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and applied as an electrochemical sensor to effectively detect paraquat (PQ), a toxic herbicide, in aqueous environments. A linear experiment performed using square wave voltammetry (SWV) under optimized experimental conditions produced a decent linear relationship and a low detection limit (LOD) of 2.74 nmol/L (S/N = 3). Repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and interference experiments confirmed that the Fe2O3–BCN/GCE system exhibited decent electrochemical sensing performance for PQ molecules. Notably, the designed sensor showed high selectivity and a decent linear relationship with PQ concentration in natural water samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the preparation of Fe2O3–BCN nanosheets for PQ detection. The proposed sensor can be employed as an effective alternative tool for distinguishing and processing PQ.
Photoredox-catalyzed hydrodifluoromethylation of alkenes has become an effective method to introduce difluoromethyl group into organic molecules. As the reported methods involve either photocatalysts or superstoichiometric amounts of additives, we herein describe a simple alternative without using photocatalyst or additive for the hydrodifluoromethylation of alkenes, through photoactivation of difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide salt. Mechanistic studies shed light on how the transformation takes place.
Herein, phosphorus-mediated sulfur nanoparticles encapsulated in reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (P-SrGO-T) were successfully synthesized as the cathode for sodium ion battery by a ball milling and the following thermal treatment. A series of covalent bonds, such as P–S, C–S–C, C–O–P and C–S–P, are formed in this process, which are in favor of fixing the sulfur and suppressing the parasitic shuttle effect of polysulfide. Benefiting from the graphene sheets and these covalent bonds, a high reversible capacity of 637.4 mAh/g was achieved in P-SrGO-T after 100 cycles at the current density of 0.2 A/g. In addition, P-SrGO-T also delivers a high-rate capacity (330.7 mAh/g at 5 A/g) attributing to low charge transfer resistance and faster ion diffusion kinetic. This work pushes the progress forward in developing phosphosulfide cathode for sodium ion batteries.
Graphene oxide (GO) with one-atom-thick exhibit remarkable molecule sieving properties, but its low permeance flux renders it difficult to be applied in practice as a high-permeance separation membrane. In this study, we design complex membrane from covalently crosslinked GO, polydopamine (PDA), and 3-aminopropytriethoxysilane (APTES) as building blocks to fabricate the high-permeance GO-based membrane via the vacuum filtration method. A branched crosslinking product (PDA/APTES) working as a clamp grasped the hydrophilic functional groups (hydroxyl, epoxy, carboxyl) on GO for improving the GO membrane flux. The interlayer structure of the GO membrane was optimized according to the crosslinker concentration, reaction time, initial pH, and temperature for RGO/PDA/APTES (RGPA) in this study. At the optimized reaction conditions including the crosslinker concentration of 1.4 mL/L, the temperature of 80 ℃, the time of 16 h, and the initial pH of 8.5 for RGPA mixture, the interlayer gallery of RGPA membrane was effectively tunes, endowing high flux ranging from 11.98 L m−2 h−1 to 1823.97 L m−2 h−1. Besides, the RGPA membrane ensured the high rejections to dye solutions such as methylene blue (MB) (> 99%) and congo red (CR) (> 90%). Meanwhile, the superior reusable performance of the RGPA membrane was achieved, together with the rejections for MB and CR to 96.32% and 93.1% after 4 cycles, respectively. Also, the RGPA membrane possessed superior anti-fouling performances for bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous solution and excellent stabilities in harsh conditions (pH 3, 7 and 11). Grafting the crosslinker onto GO nanosheets exhibits the distinct advantages of achieving the high flux, high rejections to dyes, and superior reusable performance of membranes, posing a great application potential for membrane separation technology in wastewater treatment.
Low-cost and efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts are the key to developing Zn-air batteries for renewable energy storage. Herein, the Mn-N-P doped carbon sphere was prepared through polymerization of hexachlorotripolyphosphazene (HCCP) and phloroglucinol, and then followed the calcination at 900 ℃. Theory calculations demonstrated the introduction of Mn in N-P doped carbon could lower the dissociation barrier of O2 into O* and promote the ORR through a 4e− pathway. The as-prepared catalysts exhibited a half-wave potential of 0.82 V vs. RHE and limiting current density of 5.2 mA/cm2 toward ORR, which was comparable to those of the commercial Pt/C catalysts. In addition, Zn-air batteries with 0.05 Mn-N-P-C catalysts showed a high specific capacity of 830 mAh/gZn and excellent cycle stability. This facile approach demonstrated herein could be a solution to develop optimum non-precious metal catalysts for the application in cathodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. This study also provides new insight to design the catalysts of multi-heteroatom coordinated metal in the carbon matrix for both fundamental researches and practical applications.
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