Latest ArticlesAqueous rechargeable ammonium-ion batteries (AIBs) have drew considerable attention because of their capacity for high rates, low cost, and high safety. However, developing desired electrodes requiring stable structure in the aqueous fast ammoniation/de-ammoniation becomes urgent. Herein, an ammonium ion full battery using Cu3[Fe(CN)6]2 (CuHCF) acting to be a cathode and barium vanadate (BVO) acting to be an anode is described. Its excellent electrochemical behavior of Prussian blue analogs and the perfectly matched lattice structure of NH4+ is expected. And the open structure of vanadium compounds satisfies the fast ammoniation/de-ammoniation of NH4+ is also achieved. As a result of these synergistic effects, the BVO//CuHCF full cell retains 80.5 percent of its capacity following 1000 cycling. These achievements provide new ideas for developing low-cost and long-life AIBs.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a refractory chronic intestinal inflammatory disease caused by a malfunction of immune system. As the key immune cells in the intestine, macrophages play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and tissue repair of the IBD. Pharmacological modulation of macrophage function exhibits the promising therapeutic effect for IBD. In this study, mannose-modified liposomes (MAN-LPs) are prepared for macrophage targeting to improve therapeutic efficiency. Rosiglitazone (ROSI) as an agonist of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) is used as the model drug to fabricate different sized liposomes. The impacts of mannose modification and particle size for macrophage targeting are investigated in cells, zebrafish, and mouse models and the therapeutic effects of the MAN-LPs are evaluated on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mouse. Compared to unmodified liposome, MAN-LPs display higher uptake by RAW 264.7 cells and better co-localization with macrophage in zebrafish model. Furthermore, MAN-LPs could effectively accumulate in the inflammatory intestinal sites in IBD mouse model. Most importantly, the targeting ability of MAN-LPs is obviously enhanced with the increasing of particle size, whereas the largest MAN-LPs particles achieve the best anti-inflammatory effect in cells, and a higher therapeutic efficiency in IBD mouse model. Therefore, mannose-modified liposome is a promising strategy for macrophage-targeting in IBD treatment. Particle size of MAN-LPs will affect macrophage targeting ability, as well as the therapeutic effect in-vivo.
The rapid and precise fabrication of multiscale supramolecular assemblies using micro/nanofluidic techniques has emerged as a dynamic area of research in supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, and organic chemistry. This review summarizes the application of micro/nanofluidic techniques in constructing supramolecular assemblies, including nanoscale supramolecular assemblies such as macrocycles and cages, microscale supramolecular assemblies such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and macroscale supramolecular assemblies such as supramolecular hydrogels. Compared to conventional synthesis methods, micro/nanofluidic techniques for the production of supramolecular assemblies have significant advantages, including enhanced safety, high reaction rates, improved selectivity/yield, and scalability. Additionally, micro/nanofluidic systems facilitate the creation of precisely controllable micro/nanoconfined environments, allowing for a unique flow behavior that improves our understanding of the supramolecular self-assembly process. Such systems may also lead to the development of novel supramolecular assemblies that differ from those generated via traditional methods.
Sequential energy transfer is ubiquitous in natural light-harvesting systems (LHSs), which greatly promotes the exploitation of light energy. The LHSs in nature are sophisticated supramolecular assemblies of chlorophyll molecules that carry out efficient light harvesting through cascade energy transfer process. Inspired by nature, scientists have paid much attention to fabricate stepwise LHSs based on assorted supramolecular scaffolds in recent years. Light-harvesting antennas and energy acceptors can be accommodated in particular scaffolds, which offer great convenience for energy transfer between them. These systems not only further mimic photosynthesis, but also demonstrate many potential applications, such as photocatalysis, tunable luminescence, and information encryption, etc. In this review article, aiming at offering a practical guide to this emerging research field, the introduction of construction strategies towards sequential LHSs will be presented. Different scaffolds are classified and highlighted, including host-guest assemblies, metal-coordination assemblies, as well as bio-macromolecular and other supramolecular scaffolds.
It is challenging to cooperatively improve the nonlinear optical (NLO) efficiency and the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). This work reports a novel IR NLO materials CsInP2S7 (CIPS) designed by combination the strategies of alkali metals substitution and microscopic NLO units PS4 introduction based on AgGaS2. CIPS was composed of strongly distorted [InS6]9- octahedra and [P2S7]4- dimers constructed by corner-sharing [PS4]3-, which increase the NLO efficiency and decrease thermal expansion anisotropy simultaneously. Compared with AgGaS2, CIPS exhibited strong phase matchable NLO response ca. 1.1 × AGS@2.1 µm, high LIDT ca. 20.8 × AgGaS2, and IR transparency up to 15.3 µm. Structural analysis and theoretical investigation confirmed that large SHG effect and ultrahigh LIDT of CIPS originated from the synergistic contribution of [InS6]9- octahedra and [P2S7]4- dimers. These results indicate that CIPS is a promising NLO candidate in the mid-IR region, and this study provides a new approach for developing potential NLO-LIDT compatible materials.
High monomer concentration is a requisite for engendering the aggregation-induced emssion (AIE) phenomenon as well as the formation of supramolecular polymers. Therefore, this is supposed to ensure the generation of AIE supramolecular polymers, wherein the monomer soluability takes effect. Nevertheless, parts of supramolecular monomers are considered as poessessing different soluability towards the same sovlent, through which the polymerzation process is thus hard to proceed. Interfacial polymerzation gets over the soluabilty restriction, providing a facile method for propelling the reaction of thesemonomers. Herein, we had prepared M1 containing tetraphenylethene (TPE) functionalized with two terpyridine derivatives, then making M1 dissolving in CHCl3 to give solutions. Cu2+ solutions were fabricated through dissolving CuCl2 into H2O. Towards mixing those solutions, AIE interfacial supramolecular polymers (AIEISPs) displaying green fluorescence were generated at the interface of two phases on the basis of metal-coordination between terpyridine and Cu2+. These AIEISPs were certificated to possess the stimuli-responsiveness, for which the excessive addition of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide would cause the structure destruction owing to the stronger bonding ability with Cu2+ than that of terpyridine. These fabricated AIEISPs had provided a new avenue to prepare AIE supramolecular polymers.
The synthesis of degradable polymers with easy-to-break in-chain carbon-oxygen bonds has attracted much attention. This minireview introduces the synthesis of a variety of degradable polymers from the (co)polymerizations of several typical oxygenated monomers such as epoxides, cyclic carbonates, cyclic esters, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonyl sulfide (COS), and cyclic anhydrides. We highlight the catalysts and mechanisms for these (co)polymerizations. The ring-opening copolymerization of five-membered carbonate with cyclic anhydride or COS has been introduced. We also highlight the synthesis of block copolymers and cyclic copolymers with well-defined sequences by the method of growing center switching. We hope that these new polymerization systems can provide new ideas for the development of degradable low-carbon polymers in the future.
Implantable system maximizes drug concentration and continuously releases drugs near the tumor, which is an effective tool to solve the difficult retention of chemotherapy drugs in bladder cancer. In this work, a novel polysaccharide supramolecular injectable hydrogel (CCA hydrogels for short) is rapidly constructed by simply mixing cationic chitosan, anionic sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) and a trace amount of silver ions. The injected hydrogel reconstituted and regained its shape in less than 1 h, and it can still maintain the elasticity suitable for the human body. By packaging the drug directly, the gel achieves a high concentration of doxorubicin, an anticancer drug. Using MB49-luc cells as the model of bladder tumor for anti-tumor in vivo, the CCA-DOX gel has obvious inhibitory effect on bladder tumor, and its inhibitory effect is much greater than that of free DOX. Therefore, this self-healing injectable hydrogel has great potential for in situ treatment of bladder cancer.
Atomization energy (AE) is an important indicator for measuring material stability and reactivity, which refers to the energy change when a polyatomic molecule decomposes into its constituent atoms. Predicting AE based on the structural information of molecules has been a focus of researchers, but existing methods have limitations such as being time-consuming or requiring complex preprocessing and large amounts of training data. Deep learning (DL), a new branch of machine learning (ML), has shown promise in learning internal rules and hierarchical representations of sample data, making it a potential solution for AE prediction. To address this problem, we propose a natural-parameter network (NPN) approach for AE prediction. This method establishes a clearer statistical interpretation of the relationship between the network's output and the given data. We use the Coulomb matrix (CM) method to represent each compound as a structural information matrix. Furthermore, we also designed an end-to-end predictive model. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves excellent performance on the QM7 and BC2P datasets, and the mean absolute error (MAE) obtained on the QM7 test set ranges from 0.2 kcal/mol to 3 kcal/mol. The optimal result of our method is approximately an order of magnitude higher than the accuracy of 3 kcal/mol in published works. Additionally, our approach significantly accelerates the prediction time. Overall, this study presents a promising approach to accelerate the process of predicting structures using DL, and provides a valuable contribution to the field of chemical energy prediction.
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